Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of John · Chapter 5 of 21

John 5: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

46 verses · 14 video commentaries from 6 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1Some time later there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.

2Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate a pool with five covered colonnades, which in Hebrew is called Bethesda.

3On these walkways lay a great number of the sick, the blind, the lame, and the paralyzed.

4(This translation does not include this verse.)

5One man there had been an invalid for thirty-eight years.

6When Jesus saw him lying there and realized that he had spent a long time in this condition, He asked him, “Do you want to get well?”

7“Sir,” the invalid replied, “I have no one to help me into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am on my way, someone else goes in before me.”

8Then Jesus told him, “Get up, pick up your mat, and walk.”

9Immediately the man was made well, and he picked up his mat and began to walk. Now this happened on the Sabbath day,

10so the Jews said to the man who had been healed, “This is the Sabbath! It is unlawful for you to carry your mat.”

11But he answered, “The man who made me well told me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’”

12“Who is this man who told you to pick it up and walk?” they asked.

13But the man who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had slipped away while the crowd was there.

14Afterward, Jesus found the man at the temple and said to him, “See, you have been made well. Stop sinning, or something worse may happen to you.”

15And the man went away and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well.

16Now because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jews began to persecute Him.

17But Jesus answered them, “To this very day My Father is at His work, and I too am working.”

18Because of this, the Jews tried all the harder to kill Him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, but He was even calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

19So Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing by Himself, unless He sees the Father doing it. For whatever the Father does, the Son also does.

20The Father loves the Son and shows Him all He does. And to your amazement, He will show Him even greater works than these.

21For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom He wishes.

22Furthermore, the Father judges no one, but has assigned all judgment to the Son,

23so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent Him.

24Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever hears My word and believes Him who sent Me has eternal life and will not come under judgment. Indeed, he has crossed over from death to life.

25Truly, truly, I tell you, the hour is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.

26For as the Father has life in Himself, so also He has granted the Son to have life in Himself.

27And He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man.

28Do not be amazed at this, for the hour is coming when all who are in their graves will hear His voice

29and come out—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.

30I can do nothing by Myself; I judge only as I hear. And My judgment is just, because I do not seek My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.

31If I testify about Myself, My testimony is not valid.

32There is another who testifies about Me, and I know that His testimony about Me is valid.

33You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth.

34Even though I do not accept human testimony, I say these things so that you may be saved.

35John was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you were willing for a season to bask in his light.

36But I have testimony more substantial than that of John. For the works that the Father has given Me to accomplish—the very works I am doing—testify about Me that the Father has sent Me.

37And the Father who sent Me has Himself testified about Me. You have never heard His voice nor seen His form,

38nor does His word abide in you, because you do not believe the One He sent.

39You pore over the Scriptures because you presume that by them you possess eternal life. These are the very words that testify about Me,

40yet you refuse to come to Me to have life.

41I do not accept glory from men,

42but I know you, that you do not have the love of God within you.

43I have come in My Father’s name, and you have not received Me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will receive him.

44How can you believe if you accept glory from one another, yet do not seek the glory that comes from the only God?

45Do not think that I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, in whom you have put your hope.

46If you had believed Moses, you would believe Me, because he wrote about Me.

47But since you do not believe what he wrote, how will you believe what I say?”

John 5 Section and Chapter Commentary

John 5:1-18

Jesus and Sabbath Healing

The Gospels depict Jesus permitting healing the sick on the Sabbath, which often put him at odds with his opponents who prohibited such actions. This theme appears multiple times across the Gospels, indicating a significant point of contention regarding Sabbath observance.

Summarized by AI · Judaism in the Time of Jesus: Torah Law and Everyday Life in First-Century Judea · Lecture 4: Daily Life II: Sabbath and Festivals · watch the clip

John 5:21-25

John's symbolic narrative and miracles

John employs a highly symbolic narrative where major stories and miracles represent the theological ideas Jesus expresses in his discourses. For example, Jesus secretly turning water into wine (John 2:7-9) symbolizes his teaching to Nicodemus that one cannot know where the Spirit comes from when it transforms a person (John 3:8). Similarly, the healing of the official's son (John 4:46-53) symbolizes how Jesus' word brings spiritual life and resurrection.

Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 11: John | Reimagining Jesus · watch the clip

John 5 Verse Notes

John 5:3-4

The angel stirring the water at Bethzatha

The explanation in John 5:3-4 about an angel stirring the water at the pool of Bethzatha, which then healed the first person to enter, is a later scribal addition. This detail was inserted to clarify why the sick man was waiting by the pool, as the original text did not provide this explanation.

Summarized by AI · The Scribal Corruption of Scripture: How the Bible Was Changed and Why Readers May Never Know · Lecture 4: Get Your Hands Off My Beliefs! When the Rubber of Differences Meets the Road of Faith | What Matters and What · watch the clip

John 5:8-10

Jesus and Sabbath Activities

Jesus defended his followers for plucking grain on the Sabbath, an act opposed by his debaters. In another instance, he allowed a man to carry a mat in public on the Sabbath, which others considered forbidden. These accounts highlight differing interpretations of Sabbath laws.

Summarized by AI · Judaism in the Time of Jesus: Torah Law and Everyday Life in First-Century Judea · Lecture 4: Daily Life II: Sabbath and Festivals · watch the clip

John 5:8

The Phrase 'Take up your pallet and walk'

The phrase 'Take up your pallet and walk' appears in both Mark's and John's accounts of Jesus healing a paralytic. While these specific words are shared, they constitute a small portion of the overall narratives (four words out of 61 in Mark's specific passage, and out of 196 words in the full Markan story). This common 'punchline' is not sufficient evidence for literary dependence, as it could easily arise from shared oral traditions about a memorable healing.

Summarized by AI · Face to Face on the Bible: John · Did John Know the Synoptics? Bart Ehrman and Mark Goodacre · watch the clip

John 5:16-18

John's depiction of Jewish authorities as adversaries

The Gospel of John consistently portrays Jewish authorities as adversaries of Jesus, actively seeking to catch him breaking Mosaic law and looking for any excuse to attack him. This opposition is more pronounced in John compared to earlier gospels, as John was written later when tensions between Christian communities and local synagogues had escalated.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Is The Gospel of John Anti-Semitic? · watch the clip

John 5:24-25

Remixing Synoptic Episodes

The author of John actively borrows and reshapes entire episodes from the Synoptic Gospels to align with his unique theological agenda. For instance, the story of the official's son in John 4, which parallels the centurion's servant in Matthew and Luke, is infused with John's specific vocabulary and themes. This 'remixing' prepares the reader for Jesus' subsequent discourse in John 5 on spiritual resurrection and eternal life, using the same key terms.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · What's the Point of John's Gospel? · watch the clip

John 5:24

John's unique vocabulary and idioms

John's portrayal of Jesus' speech includes unique expressions and idioms not found in the Synoptic Gospels. Phrases like 'born from above/again' (John 3), 'born of the Spirit,' 'abide/dwell in me,' 'whoever believes has eternal life now,' 'walk in the light,' and 'overcome the world' are characteristic of John's theological language. These distinct linguistic patterns suggest the author's creative development of Jesus' teachings.

Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 11: John | Reimagining Jesus · watch the clip

Humans become spirit and gain eternal life

As children of God, humans are said to possess God's nature and become 'spirit,' as God is spirit (John 4:24). Jesus teaches that 'that which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit' (John 3:6). This transformation into spirit grants humans eternal life or immortality in this present life, a concept distinct from the Synoptic emphasis on future eternal life.

Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 11: John | Reimagining Jesus · watch the clip

Eternal Life Now

Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, which associate eternal life with a future physical resurrection, John's Gospel teaches that eternal life can be received in the present. By possessing an inner nature as spirit, human beings are considered immortal, and even if their physical bodies die, their spirit continues to abide with Jesus in the celestial realms.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · What's the Point of John's Gospel? · watch the clip

John 5:32

The narrator's voice in John mirrors Jesus' speech

A key piece of evidence suggesting the author's invention of Jesus' speeches in John is the striking similarity between Jesus' language and the narrator's own voice. For instance, Jesus' statement about 'another who testifies' in John 5:32 is echoed by the narrator's comment about 'he who saw this has testified' in John 19:35. This linguistic congruence implies that the narrator has significantly shaped Jesus' dialogue.

Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 11: John | Reimagining Jesus · watch the clip

Similarities Between John's Gospel and Epistles

The Gospel of John and the Johannine epistles (1, 2, 3 John) share distinctive phrases and theological concepts not found in other New Testament books, such as 'abide in me,' 'children of the light,' 'walk in the light,' and 'overcome the world.' These striking resemblances suggest a close relationship, leading scholars to consider them a 'family of texts' or 'Johannine literature.'

Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 12: Three Enigmatic Letters | 1, 2, and 3 John · watch the clip

John 5:39

Scriptures bear witness vs. sin concerning Jesus

John 5:39 presents a textual variant where Jesus' statement to his Jewish opponents either says the "scriptures bear witness concerning me" or "scriptures sin concerning me." While the context strongly supports "bear witness," the visual and auditory similarity of the Greek words could have led to a scribal error.

Summarized by AI · The Bible and the Quran: Comparing Their Historical Problems · Lecture 1: The New Testament | Do We Have the Original Text? · watch the clip

Egerton Papyrus 2 parallels John's scripture reference

The Egerton Papyrus 2, another lost gospel fragment, features a section almost identical to a passage in the Gospel of John. The fragment's exhortation to 'Search the scriptures in which you think you have life. There are ones who bear witnesses concerning me' perfectly matches John 5:39, demonstrating a direct literary relationship.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Think the synoptic problem is 3 gospels? Think again · watch the clip

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