The Bible tells the story of Israel’s conquest of Canaan, its judges and its kings, and its eventual defeat and exile at the hands of the Assyrians and the Babylonians. It is one of the great narratives of the ancient world. How much of it happened?
That turns out to be the easy question. The harder one is what these books are doing instead. Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings do not simply record events. They explain them, and the explanation is theological. Their authors took up older narratives and reshaped them, and in reshaping them they reshaped Israel’s past, and our sense of it ever since.
Peel the layers back and you can do two things at once: get closer to the real history underneath, and watch that history being turned into an argument. It is a skill that does not stay in the ancient world. Learn to read Joshua this way and you will read any account of the past differently.