Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of 2 Kings · Chapter 10 of 25

2 Kings 10: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

36 verses · 7 video commentaries from 3 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the officials of Jezreel, to the elders, and to the guardians of the sons of Ahab, saying:

2“When this letter arrives, since your master’s sons are with you and you have chariots and horses, a fortified city and weaponry,

3select the best and most worthy son of your master, set him on his father’s throne, and fight for your master’s house.”

4But they were terrified and reasoned, “If two kings could not stand against him, how can we?”

5So the palace administrator, the overseer of the city, the elders, and the guardians sent a message to Jehu: “We are your servants, and we will do whatever you say. We will not make anyone king. Do whatever is good in your sight.”

6Then Jehu wrote them a second letter and said: “If you are on my side, and if you will obey me, then bring the heads of your master’s sons to me at Jezreel by this time tomorrow.” Now the sons of the king, seventy in all, were being brought up by the leading men of the city.

7And when the letter arrived, they took the sons of the king and slaughtered all seventy of them. They put their heads in baskets and sent them to Jehu at Jezreel.

8When the messenger arrived, he told Jehu, “They have brought the heads of the sons of the king.” And Jehu ordered, “Pile them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until morning.”

9The next morning, Jehu went out and stood before all the people and said, “You are innocent. It was I who conspired against my master and killed him. But who killed all these?

10Know, then, that not a word the LORD has spoken against the house of Ahab will fail, for the LORD has done what He promised through His servant Elijah.”

11So Jehu killed everyone in Jezreel who remained of the house of Ahab, as well as all his great men and close friends and priests, leaving him without a single survivor.

12Then Jehu set out toward Samaria. At Beth-eked of the Shepherds,

13Jehu met some relatives of Ahaziah king of Judah and asked, “Who are you?” “We are relatives of Ahaziah,” they answered, “and we have come down to greet the sons of the king and of the queen mother.”

14Then Jehu ordered, “Take them alive.” So his men took them alive, then slaughtered them at the well of Beth-eked—forty-two men. He spared none of them.

15When he left there, he found Jehonadab son of Rechab, who was coming to meet him. Jehu greeted him and asked, “Is your heart as true to mine as my heart is to yours?” “It is!” Jehonadab replied. “If it is,” said Jehu, “give me your hand.” So he gave him his hand, and Jehu helped him into his chariot,

16saying, “Come with me and see my zeal for the LORD!” So he had him ride in his chariot.

17When Jehu came to Samaria, he struck down everyone belonging to Ahab who remained there, until he had destroyed them, according to the word that the LORD had spoken to Elijah.

18Then Jehu brought all the people together and said, “Ahab served Baal a little, but Jehu will serve him a lot.

19Now, therefore, summon to me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants, and all his priests. See that no one is missing, for I have a great sacrifice for Baal. Whoever is missing will not live.” But Jehu was acting deceptively in order to destroy the servants of Baal.

20And Jehu commanded, “Proclaim a solemn assembly for Baal.” So they announced it.

21Then Jehu sent word throughout Israel, and all the servants of Baal came; there was not a man who failed to show. They entered the temple of Baal, and it was filled from end to end.

22And Jehu said to the keeper of the wardrobe, “Bring out garments for all the servants of Baal.” So he brought out garments for them.

23Next, Jehu and Jehonadab son of Rechab entered the temple of Baal, and Jehu said to the servants of Baal, “Look around to see that there are no servants of the LORD here among you—only servants of Baal.”

24And they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings. Now Jehu had stationed eighty men outside and warned them, “If anyone allows one of the men I am delivering into your hands to escape, he will forfeit his life for theirs.”

25When he had finished making the burnt offering, Jehu said to the guards and officers, “Go in and kill them. Do not let anyone out.” So the guards and officers put them to the sword, threw the bodies out, and went into the inner room of the temple of Baal.

26They brought out the sacred pillar of the temple of Baal and burned it.

27They also demolished the sacred pillar of Baal. Then they tore down the temple of Baal and made it into a latrine, which it is to this day.

28Thus Jehu eradicated Baal from Israel,

29but he did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit—the worship of the golden calves at Bethel and Dan.

30Nevertheless, the LORD said to Jehu, “Because you have done well in carrying out what is right in My sight and have done to the house of Ahab all that was in My heart, four generations of your sons will sit on the throne of Israel.”

31Yet Jehu was not careful to follow the instruction of the LORD, the God of Israel, with all his heart. He did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit.

32In those days the LORD began to reduce the size of Israel. Hazael defeated the Israelites throughout their territory

33from the Jordan eastward through all the land of Gilead (the region of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh), and from Aroer by the Arnon Valley through Gilead to Bashan.

34As for the rest of the acts of Jehu, along with all his accomplishments and all his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

35And Jehu rested with his fathers and was buried in Samaria, and his son Jehoahaz reigned in his place.

36So the duration of Jehu’s reign over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years.

2 Kings 10 Section and Chapter Commentary

2 Kgs 10:1-36

Jehu's Submission to Shalmaneser III

While the Bible praises King Jehu for overthrowing the Omri dynasty, it omits his submission and payment of tribute to Assyrian King Shalmaneser III. This event is documented on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, highlighting a significant historical detail not found in the biblical account.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 7: The Empires Strike Back | Israel Under Assyria and Babylon · watch the clip

2 Kings 10 Verse Notes

2 Kgs 10:1

The Number of Disciples Sent Out by Jesus

In Luke 10:1 and 10:17, Jesus sends out either 70 or 72 disciples, with manuscripts almost evenly split between these two numbers. Both 70 and 72 hold symbolic significance in Jewish tradition, making it difficult to determine the original number. For example, 70 elders served under Moses, while the Septuagint (LXX) translation was traditionally done by 72 translators. This variant highlights the challenges in textual criticism where external and internal evidence do not provide a clear answer.

Summarized by AI · The Scribal Corruption of Scripture: How the Bible Was Changed and Why Readers May Never Know · Lecture 3: Arguments and Evidence | The Case for Probability Instead of Certainty · watch the clip

2 Kgs 10:30

Jehu: Praised but Imperfect

Jehu is uniquely praised among the Israelite kings for his role in overthrowing the Omri-Ahab dynasty, which the Deuteronomistic historian views positively due to their idolatry. However, even Jehu is not considered perfect, as he still did not fully depart from the sins of Jeroboam, demonstrating the historian's consistent theological lens.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 7: The Empires Strike Back | Israel Under Assyria and Babylon · watch the clip

Jehu's Unique Praise and Imperfection

King Jehu is uniquely praised among Israelite kings in 2 Kings 10:30 for destroying the house of Omri and Ahab, fulfilling God's word. However, despite this praise, he is still not considered perfect by the Deuteronomistic historian, as he continued in the sins of Jeroboam, demonstrating the historian's consistent theological standard even for kings who performed God's will in other areas.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

2 Kgs 10:31

The Historian's Use of Speeches

The Deuteronomistic historian frequently uses speeches by prophets, angels, God, and key figures like Joshua, David, and Solomon to convey his theological message. These speeches consistently reinforce Deuteronomic ideas, such as David's deathbed instruction to Solomon to obey the Torah of Moses (1 Kings 2:3) and the negative judgment of King Jehu for not following God's law wholeheartedly (2 Kings 10:31).

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 11: The History | From Joshua to Josiah · watch the clip

Kings judged by Deuteronomic standards

The Deuteronomistic historian consistently judges the kings of Israel and Judah based on their adherence to the Torah of Moses, specifically regarding the worship of foreign gods and the centralization of worship in Jerusalem. Kings are given 'report cards' at the end of their reigns, with northern kings generally receiving poor grades due to the continued existence of alternative worship sites established by Jeroboam I. Southern kings also strayed, with Manasseh being particularly condemned, ultimately leading to Judah's destruction and exile.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 11: The History | From Joshua to Josiah · watch the clip

2 Kgs 10:34-36

Jehu's tribute to Shalmaneser III not in the Bible

The Bible's account of King Jehu's reign, particularly in 2 Kings, omits a significant historical event: Jehu's payment of tribute to Assyrian King Shalmaneser III around 841 BCE. This event is known from the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, which even depicts Jehu bowing, highlighting the Bible's selective historical record.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

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