Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of 2 Kings · Chapter 15 of 25

2 Kings 15: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

38 verses · 7 video commentaries from 2 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam’s reign over Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah became king of Judah.

2He was sixteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-two years. His mother’s name was Jecoliah; she was from Jerusalem.

3And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, just as his father Amaziah had done.

4Nevertheless, the high places were not taken away; the people continued sacrificing and burning incense there.

5And the LORD afflicted the king with leprosy until the day he died, so that he lived in a separate house while his son Jotham had charge of the palace and governed the people of the land.

6As for the rest of the acts of Azariah, along with all his accomplishments, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

7And Azariah rested with his fathers and was buried near them in the City of David. And his son Jotham reigned in his place.

8In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah’s reign over Judah, Zechariah son of Jeroboam became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria six months.

9And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done. He did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit.

10Then Shallum son of Jabesh conspired against Zechariah, struck him down and killed him in front of the people, and reigned in his place.

11As for the rest of the acts of Zechariah, they are indeed written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

12So the word of the LORD spoken to Jehu was fulfilled: “Four generations of your sons will sit on the throne of Israel.”

13In the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah’s reign over Judah, Shallum son of Jabesh became king, and he reigned in Samaria one full month.

14Then Menahem son of Gadi went up from Tirzah to Samaria, struck down and killed Shallum son of Jabesh, and reigned in his place.

15As for the rest of the acts of Shallum, along with the conspiracy he led, they are indeed written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

16At that time Menahem, starting from Tirzah, attacked Tiphsah and everyone in its vicinity, because they would not open their gates. So he attacked Tiphsah and ripped open all the pregnant women.

17In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem son of Gadi became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria ten years.

18And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and throughout his reign he did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit.

19Then Pul king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver in order to gain his support and strengthen his own grip on the kingdom.

20Menahem exacted this money from each of the wealthy men of Israel—fifty shekels of silver from each man—to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria withdrew and did not remain in the land.

21As for the rest of the acts of Menahem, along with all his accomplishments, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

22And Menahem rested with his fathers, and his son Pekahiah reigned in his place.

23In the fiftieth year of Azariah’s reign over Judah, Pekahiah son of Menahem became king of Israel and reigned in Samaria two years.

24And he did evil in the sight of the LORD and did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit.

25Then his officer, Pekah son of Remaliah, conspired against him along with Argob, Arieh, and fifty men of Gilead. And at the citadel of the king’s palace in Samaria, Pekah struck down and killed Pekahiah and reigned in his place.

26As for the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, along with all his accomplishments, they are indeed written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

27In the fifty-second year of Azariah’s reign over Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twenty years.

28And he did evil in the sight of the LORD and did not turn away from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit.

29In the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, including all the land of Naphtali, and he took the people as captives to Assyria.

30Then Hoshea son of Elah led a conspiracy against Pekah son of Remaliah. In the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah, Hoshea attacked Pekah, killed him, and reigned in his place.

31As for the rest of the acts of Pekah, along with all his accomplishments, they are indeed written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.

32In the second year of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah over Israel, Jotham son of Uzziah became king of Judah.

33He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem sixteen years. His mother’s name was Jerusha daughter of Zadok.

34And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, just as his father Uzziah had done.

35Nevertheless, the high places were not taken away; the people continued sacrificing and burning incense there. Jotham rebuilt the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD.

36As for the rest of the acts of Jotham, along with his accomplishments, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

37(In those days the LORD began to send Rezin king of Aram and Pekah son of Remaliah against Judah.)

38And Jotham rested with his fathers and was buried with them in the City of David his father. And his son Ahaz reigned in his place.

2 Kings 15 Section and Chapter Commentary

2 Kgs 15:8-31

Northern Kingdom's Dynastic Instability

The Northern Kingdom of Israel experienced frequent coups and assassinations, with kings like Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, and Hoshea having short or violent reigns. This contrasts with the more stable Davidic succession in Judah and is attributed to the Northern Kingdom's vulnerability to foreign powers.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 7: The Empires Strike Back | Israel Under Assyria and Babylon · watch the clip

2 Kgs 15:8-26

Northern Kingdom's political instability

The Northern Kingdom of Israel experienced significant political turmoil and frequent changes in dynasties, as evidenced by the rapid succession and assassinations of kings like Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, and Pekahiah after Jehu's reign. This contrasts with the more stable Davidic dynasty in Judah.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

2 Kings 15 Verse Notes

2 Kgs 15:19-20

Assyrian Invasion and Tribute Under King Pul

The Bible first introduces the Assyrian Empire in 2 Kings 15, where King Pul invades Israel and receives tribute. This event appears suddenly in the biblical narrative, without prior mention of Assyria's existence or influence.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 7: The Empires Strike Back | Israel Under Assyria and Babylon · watch the clip

Assyria's Sudden Appearance in the Biblical Narrative

According to the biblical narrative, the Assyrian Empire appears abruptly in 2 Kings 15, with King Pul invading Israel and demanding tribute. This portrayal suggests a sudden, unexpected emergence of Assyrian power, despite their long-standing regional dominance, highlighting the Bible's localized focus that often omits broader historical context.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 7: The Empires Strike Back | Israel Under Assyria and Babylon · watch the clip

Assyrian Empire's first appearance in the Bible

The Assyrian Empire first appears in the biblical narrative in 2 Kings 15:19-20, where an Assyrian king invades Israel and receives tribute. This event seems to come out of nowhere within the biblical text, despite Assyria's significant presence in the ancient Near East.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

Assyria's First Appearance in the Biblical Narrative

The first mention of the Assyrian Empire in the Bible, specifically in 2 Kings 15:19-20, describes King Menahem of Israel paying tribute to an Assyrian king. This event appears abruptly in the biblical narrative, despite Assyria's significant presence and influence in the region for decades prior, highlighting the Bible's selective focus on Israelite internal affairs.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

2 Kgs 15:24

Pekahiah's Negative Deuteronomistic Judgment

King Pekahiah, like his predecessors, receives a negative assessment in 2 Kings 15:24 for continuing the sins of Jeroboam. This consistent condemnation of northern kings highlights the Deuteronomistic historian's theological framework, which prioritizes adherence to a specific religious standard over political or military success.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 14: Of Kings and Kingdoms · watch the clip

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