1Beloved, this is now my second letter to you. Both of them are reminders to stir you to wholesome thinking
2by recalling what was foretold by the holy prophets and commanded by our Lord and Savior through your apostles.
3Most importantly, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires.
4“Where is the promise of His coming?” they will ask. “Ever since our fathers fell asleep, everything continues as it has from the beginning of creation.”
5But they deliberately overlook the fact that long ago by God’s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water,
6through which the world of that time perished in the flood.
7And by that same word, the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
8Beloved, do not let this one thing escape your notice: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day.
9The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish but everyone to come to repentance.
10But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare.
11Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to conduct yourselves in holiness and godliness
12as you anticipate and hasten the coming of the day of God, when the heavens will be destroyed by fire and the elements will melt in the heat.
13But in keeping with God’s promise, we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells.
14Therefore, beloved, as you anticipate these things, make every effort to be found at peace—spotless and blameless in His sight.
15Consider also that our Lord’s patience brings salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom God gave him.
16He writes this way in all his letters, speaking in them about such matters. Some parts of his letters are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction.
17Therefore, beloved, since you already know these things, be on your guard so that you will not be carried away by the error of the lawless and fall from your secure standing.
18But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
2 Peter 3 Verse Notes
2 Pet 3:1-2
Second Peter as a Sequel to First Peter
Second Peter presents itself as a direct sequel to 1 Peter, with the author stating, 'This is now the second letter that I have written to you, beloved.' This indicates the author's awareness of 1 Peter and an intention to build upon or continue the teachings of the first letter.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 25: The Other Apostles Speak | The Letters of Peter · watch the clip
2 Pet 3:3-4
Second Peter Addresses Delay of Jesus' Return
A key purpose of 2 Peter is to address the growing discomfort among Christians regarding the delayed return of Jesus. The letter counters scoffers who question, 'Where is the promise of his coming?' by explaining that God's delay is due to His patience, allowing time for repentance, and that for the Lord, 'one day is like a thousand years.'
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 25: The Other Apostles Speak | The Letters of Peter · watch the clip
2 Pet 3:8-9
Second Peter Addresses Delay of Jesus' Return
A key purpose of 2 Peter is to address the growing discomfort among Christians regarding the delayed return of Jesus. The letter counters scoffers who question, 'Where is the promise of his coming?' by explaining that God's delay is due to His patience, allowing time for repentance, and that for the Lord, 'one day is like a thousand years.'
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 25: The Other Apostles Speak | The Letters of Peter · watch the clip
2 Pet 3:8
Biblical Explanations for Jesus' Delayed Return
Modern Christian apologists offer several biblical explanations for Jesus' delayed return, which was implied to be near in the Gospel of Mark. Some argue that 'near' refers to our time, not Jesus's. Others, drawing from 2 Peter and Acts, suggest God has granted more time for repentance. Another explanation, found in 2 Peter, is that God's timeline differs from human time, where 'a day is as a thousand years and a thousand years as one day.'
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Did Jesus Invent Charity? · watch the clip
Delay Explained in 2 Peter
The book of 2 Peter explicitly addresses the delay in Jesus' return, explaining that God has postponed the end to allow more people time to repent. It reinterprets the concept of 'soon' by stating that to the Lord, 'a day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as a day,' thereby rationalizing the extended wait.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why isn't Christianity a Doomsday Cult? · watch the clip
Second Peter's Explanation for Delay
The author of 2 Peter, writing later, attempts to explain why the predicted end had not yet occurred. He rationalizes the delay by stating that 'with the Lord a day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day,' suggesting that God's timeline differs from human expectations.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Was Jesus a False Prophet? · watch the clip
2 Pet 3:15-16
Paul's writings are difficult to understand
The author of 2 Peter acknowledges that Paul's letters contain passages that are challenging to comprehend. This suggests that even within the biblical canon, Paul's writings were recognized as presenting interpretive difficulties.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 18: Rethinking Paul | New Perspectives on an Ancient Apostle · watch the clip
Second Peter Endorses Paul's Writings as Scripture
Second Peter makes a significant intervention by endorsing Paul's letters as scripture, referring to Paul as 'our beloved brother' and noting that his writings contain 'some things... hard to understand,' which the 'ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures.' This statement not only reinforces unity between Peter and Paul but also contributes to the canonization of Paul's epistles.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 25: The Other Apostles Speak | The Letters of Peter · watch the clip
Harmonizing Apostolic Teachings
Despite historical disagreements among apostles, such as Paul's confrontation with Peter in Galatians, later Christians developed an idealized view of them as unified in doctrine. Second Peter, a second-century text, exemplifies this harmonizing tendency by presenting Peter as endorsing Paul's letters as scripture, thereby suggesting a unified apostolic message.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 27: The Making of the New Testament | From Chaos to Canon · watch the clip
2 Pet 3:16
2 Peter's acknowledgment of Paul's letters and their misinterpretation
The author of 2 Peter acknowledges the existence and authority of Paul's letters, noting that they contain 'some things that are hard to understand.' This passage indicates that Paul's writings were already being twisted by the 'ignorant and unstable' to their own destruction, highlighting the early challenges of interpreting Paul.
Summarized by AI · Ancient Christianities: The First Five Hundred Years · Lecture 5: Christians, the High God, and the Jews | Marcion and the Invention of the New Testament · watch the clip
2 Peter equates Paul's writings with scripture
In 2 Peter 3:16, the author defends Paul's letters against misinterpretation, stating that some people twist Paul's writings 'as they do the other Scriptures.' This statement elevates Paul's letters to the status of scripture, indicating a strong alignment between Peter and Paul within the canonical tradition.
Summarized by AI · Did Peter Hate Paul? Apostolic Conflict in the Early Church · Lecture 2: Disputes in the History of the Dispute · watch the clip
2 Peter highlights misinterpretation of Paul's writings
The author of 2 Peter, one of the latest canonical authors, also addresses internal Christian problems, accusing other Christians of immorality and twisting Paul's letters and other scriptures to support their erroneous views. This passage is notable for referring to Paul's writings as 'scripture,' indicating their growing authority while also showing ongoing interpretive disputes.
Summarized by AI · Earliest Christian Heresies · Lecture 1: Heresy and Orthodoxy in Earliest Christianity · watch the clip
2 Peter 3:16 refers to Paul's writings as Scripture
The book of 2 Peter, likely written in the early second century (around 120 CE) and widely believed not to be by Peter, mentions that some people twist Paul's teachings 'as they do with the other scriptures.' This suggests that Paul's letters were already being regarded as scripture by some Christian communities at this early date.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Who Really Chose the Books of the New Testament? · watch the clip
Paul's Letters as Scripture
Paul's letters began to be treated as scriptural authority early on, as evidenced by 2 Peter 3:16, which refers to Paul's letters alongside 'the rest of the scriptures.' This indicates that early Christians considered Paul's writings to be divinely inspired and authoritative, leading them to interpret Paul and the Gospels in light of each other, often overlooking contradictions.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Bart Unplugged: Rapid-Fire Answers on the Apostle Paul · watch the clip
Paul's Writings as Scripture
By the mid-2nd century CE, some of Paul's writings were already considered scripture, on par with the Hebrew Bible. This is evidenced in 2 Peter 3:16, which mentions heretics twisting Paul's letters 'as they do with the rest of the scriptures,' indicating an early recognition of their authoritative status.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · One God Among Many: Rethinking the God of the Bible · watch the clip
Paul's Letters and Jesus' Sayings as Scripture
The author of 2 Peter refers to Paul's letters as scripture, equating them with the Hebrew Bible. Similarly, the author of 1 Timothy quotes a saying of Jesus and labels it as scripture, indicating an early Christian practice of viewing written texts as authoritative, a concept not common in Roman and Greek religions.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Are There Four Gospels? · watch the clip