Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of 2 Samuel · Chapter 2 of 24

2 Samuel 2: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

32 verses · 6 video commentaries from 4 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1Some time later, David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up to one of the towns of Judah?” “Go up,” the LORD answered. Then David asked, “Where should I go?” “To Hebron,” replied the LORD.

2So David went there with his two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel.

3David also took the men who were with him, each with his household, and they settled in the towns near Hebron.

4Then the men of Judah came to Hebron, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.”

5So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead to tell them, “The LORD bless you, because you showed this kindness to Saul your lord when you buried him.

6Now may the LORD show you loving devotion and faithfulness, and I will also show you the same favor because you have done this.

7Now then, be strong and courageous, for though Saul your lord is dead, the house of Judah has anointed me as their king.”

8Meanwhile, Abner son of Ner, the commander of Saul’s army, took Saul’s son Ish-bosheth, moved him to Mahanaim,

9and made him king over Gilead, Asher, Jezreel, Ephraim, and Benjamin—over all Israel.

10Saul’s son Ish-bosheth was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned for two years. The house of Judah, however, followed David.

11And the length of time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.

12One day Abner son of Ner and the servants of Ish-bosheth son of Saul marched out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

13So Joab son of Zeruiah and the servants of David marched out and met them by the pool of Gibeon. And the two groups took up positions on opposite sides of the pool.

14Then Abner said to Joab, “Let us have the young men get up and compete before us.” “Let them get up,” Joab replied.

15So they got up and were counted off—twelve for Benjamin and Ish-bosheth son of Saul, and twelve for David.

16Then each man grabbed his opponent by the head and thrust his sword into his opponent’s side, and they all fell together. So this place, which is in Gibeon, is called Helkath-hazzurim.

17The battle that day was intense, and Abner and the men of Israel were defeated by the servants of David.

18The three sons of Zeruiah were there: Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. Now Asahel was fleet of foot like a wild gazelle,

19and he chased Abner, not turning to the right or to the left in his pursuit.

20And Abner glanced back and said, “Is that you, Asahel?” “It is,” Asahel replied.

21So Abner told him, “Turn to your right or to your left, seize one of the young men, and take his equipment for yourself.” But Asahel would not stop chasing him.

22Once again, Abner warned Asahel, “Stop chasing me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How could I show my face to your brother Joab?”

23But Asahel refused to turn away. So Abner thrust the butt of his spear into his stomach, and it came out his back, and he fell dead on the spot. And every man paused when he came to the place where Asahel had fallen and died.

24But Joab and Abishai pursued Abner. By sunset, they had gone as far as the hill of Ammah opposite Giah on the way to the wilderness of Gibeon.

25The Benjamites rallied to Abner, formed a single unit, and took their stand atop a hill.

26Then Abner called out to Joab: “Must the sword devour forever? Do you not realize that this will only end in bitterness? How long before you tell the troops to stop pursuing their brothers?”

27“As surely as God lives,” Joab replied, “if you had not spoken up, the troops would have continued pursuing their brothers until morning.”

28So Joab blew the ram’s horn, and all the troops stopped; they no longer pursued Israel or continued to fight.

29And all that night Abner and his men marched through the Arabah. They crossed the Jordan, marched all morning, and arrived at Mahanaim.

30When Joab returned from pursuing Abner, he gathered all the troops. In addition to Asahel, nineteen of David’s servants were missing,

31but they had struck down 360 Benjamites who were with Abner.

32And they took Asahel and buried him in his father’s tomb in Bethlehem. Then Joab and his men marched all night and reached Hebron at daybreak.

2 Samuel 2 Verse Notes

2 Sam 2:1-4

David's raids and gifts to Judah

While serving the Philistines, David claimed to raid Judah's enemies, but the text implies he was actually raiding Judahite territory. He then sent gifts from the spoils to the towns of Judah, which is interpreted as a calculated move to buy loyalty and demonstrate power, setting the stage for his anointing as king over Judah.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 5: David | The Man Behind the Legend · watch the clip

Samuel: The Rise of Kingship

The Book of Samuel chronicles the birth of Samuel, the capture and return of the Ark, and the people's demand for a king (1 Samuel 1-8). Despite Samuel's warnings about the pitfalls of monarchy, Saul is anointed as Israel's first king (1 Samuel 9-12), followed by David's rise to power and eventual reign (1 Samuel 16 - 2 Samuel 24).

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 11: The History | From Joshua to Josiah · watch the clip

2 Sam 2:1

David's Divine Appointment and Relationship with Yahweh

King David is portrayed as divinely chosen, with Yahweh's spirit remaining with him from his anointing as Saul's successor. Yahweh communicates directly with David on multiple occasions, and David is depicted as the leader of the state religion, performing sacrifices and blessing the people in Yahweh's name.

Summarized by AI · Before the Bible: Mesopotamia and the Myths that Shaped Scripture · Lecture 3: Who Rules and Why? · watch the clip

David's Crowning in Chronicles vs. Samuel

In 1 Chronicles 11:3, David is crowned king by all Israel, both north and south, in a unified act. This contrasts with the Book of Samuel, where David's rise to power is more fragmented, involving a secret anointing, a period as king of Judah, and a war against the north before becoming king of all Israel.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 25: Chronicles | Seriously, Let's Read Chronicles · watch the clip

2 Sam 2:4

David's anointing as king of Judah

David is anointed king only in Judah, the territory he had previously terrorized and then sent 'presents' to. This suggests his actions were premeditated, establishing his power base in Judah before seeking wider kingship.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 13: The David Story · watch the clip

2 Sam 2:8

Saul's son's name changed from Ishbaal to Ish-bosheth

The name of Saul's son, originally Ishbaal (man of Baal), was likely changed in biblical texts to Ish-bosheth (man of shame). This editorial alteration reflects a later Yahwistic perspective that found it unacceptable for a significant Israelite figure to bear a name honoring Baal, indicating a shift away from earlier tolerance of Baal worship.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · The Most Famous Prayer in Judaism Isn’t Monotheistic; Neither is the Bible · watch the clip

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