Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Acts · Chapter 5 of 28

Acts 5: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

42 verses · 15 video commentaries from 5 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1Now a man named Ananias, together with his wife Sapphira, also sold a piece of property.

2With his wife’s full knowledge, he kept back some of the proceeds for himself, but brought a portion and laid it at the apostles’ feet.

3Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and withhold some of the proceeds from the land?

4Did it not belong to you before it was sold? And after it was sold, was it not at your disposal? How could you conceive such a deed in your heart? You have not lied to men, but to God!”

5On hearing these words, Ananias fell down and died. And great fear came over all who heard what had happened.

6Then the young men stepped forward, wrapped up his body, and carried him out and buried him.

7About three hours later his wife also came in, unaware of what had happened.

8“Tell me,” said Peter, “is this the price you and your husband got for the land?” “Yes,” she answered, “that is the price.”

9“How could you agree to test the Spirit of the Lord?” Peter replied. “Look, the feet of the men who buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out also.”

10At that instant she fell down at his feet and died. Then the young men came in and, finding her dead, carried her out and buried her beside her husband.

11And great fear came over the whole church and all who heard about these events.

12The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people, and with one accord the believers gathered together in Solomon’s Colonnade.

13Although the people regarded them highly, no one else dared to join them.

14Yet more and more believers were brought to the Lord—large numbers of both men and women.

15As a result, people brought the sick into the streets and laid them on cots and mats, so that at least Peter’s shadow might fall on some of them as he passed by.

16Crowds also gathered from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing the sick and those tormented by unclean spirits, and all of them were healed.

17Then the high priest and all his associates, who belonged to the party of the Sadducees, were filled with jealousy. They went out

18and arrested the apostles and put them in the public jail.

19But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the jail and brought them out, saying,

20“Go, stand in the temple courts and tell the people the full message of this new life.”

21At daybreak the apostles entered the temple courts as they had been told and began to teach the people. When the high priest and his associates arrived, they convened the Sanhedrin—the full assembly of the elders of Israel—and sent to the jail for the apostles.

22But on arriving at the jail, the officers did not find them there. So they returned with the report:

23“We found the jail securely locked, with the guards posted at the doors; but when we opened them, we found no one inside.”

24When the captain of the temple guard and the chief priests heard this account, they were perplexed as to what was happening.

25Then someone came in and announced, “Look, the men you put in jail are standing in the temple courts teaching the people!”

26At that point, the captain went with the officers and brought the apostles—but not by force, for fear the people would stone them.

27They brought them in and made them stand before the Sanhedrin, where the high priest interrogated them.

28“We gave you strict orders not to teach in this name,” he said. “Yet you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching and are determined to make us responsible for this man’s blood.”

29But Peter and the other apostles replied, “We must obey God rather than men.

30The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you had killed by hanging Him on a tree.

31God exalted Him to His right hand as Prince and Savior, in order to grant repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel.

32We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey Him.”

33When the Council members heard this, they were enraged, and they resolved to put the apostles to death.

34But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law who was honored by all the people, stood up in the Sanhedrin and ordered that the men be put outside for a short time.

35“Men of Israel,” he said, “consider carefully what you are about to do to these men.

36Some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men joined him. He was killed, all his followers were dispersed, and it all came to nothing.

37After him, Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and drew away people after him. He too perished, and all his followers were scattered.

38So in the present case I advise you: Leave these men alone. Let them go! For if their purpose or endeavor is of human origin, it will fail.

39But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop them. You may even find yourselves fighting against God.”

40At this, they yielded to Gamaliel. They called the apostles in and had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and released them.

41The apostles left the Sanhedrin, rejoicing that they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name.

42Every day, in the temple courts and from house to house, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ.

Acts 5 Section and Chapter Commentary

Acts 5:1-11

Ananias and Sapphira: Lying to the Holy Spirit

The unity of the early church is tested when Ananias and Sapphira sell property but deceptively withhold a portion of the proceeds while claiming to give the full amount. Peter, discerning their lie through the Holy Spirit, confronts them, leading to their immediate deaths as a consequence of lying to God.

Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 2: How Christianity Began · watch the clip

Divine judgment for dishonesty in giving

The Book of Acts recounts the story of Ananias and Sapphira, who sold a piece of property but withheld a portion of the money while claiming to have given the full amount to the apostles. Peter confronted Ananias about his deception, stating he had lied to God, and Ananias immediately died. Sapphira later suffered the same fate for her complicity in the lie, illustrating the severe consequences for a lack of full commitment and honesty within the early Christian community's communal sharing.

Summarized by AI · Through the Eye of a Needle: Jesus's Teachings on Wealth and Their Modern Relevance · Lecture 6: Wealth in the Wake of Jesus · watch the clip

Ananias and Sapphira's Punishment

The story of Ananias and Sapphira in Acts 5, where they are struck dead for lying about their donation, is consistent with the book of Acts' portrayal of God's active involvement and enforcement of rules within the early Christian movement. This is not exclusively an 'Old Testament' concept, as punishment for sin is also present in other New Testament writings, such as Paul's letters and Revelation.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Was Luke Written by Luke? And Why Should We Care? · watch the clip

Suffering as Divine Punishment for Sin

A common biblical explanation for suffering, found in both the Old and New Testaments, is that it is a direct punishment from God for wrongdoing. This perspective suggests that individuals or communities suffer because they have sinned and need to repent.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · If There Is a God, Why Do We Suffer? · watch the clip

Divine Punishment in Acts and 1 Corinthians

While not as extreme as Revelation, other New Testament books do contain instances of divine punishment. In Acts, Ananias and Sapphira die after lying about their property sale, implying God's judgment. In 1 Corinthians, Paul suggests handing over a man engaged in incest to Satan for the 'destruction of his flesh,' which scholars interpret as a death curse. However, these instances differ from Revelation's portrayal of widespread, prolonged torture and destruction directly from God.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Is the God of Revelation the Same as the God of Jesus? · watch the clip

Acts 5:33-42

Gamaliel's Counsel: Divine Origin or Human Failure

Facing growing Christian numbers, the Jewish council considered drastic measures. Gamaliel, a Pharisee, advised against persecuting the movement, arguing that if it were of human origin, it would fail like previous uprisings (e.g., Theudas and Judas the Galilean). However, if it were from God, they would be fighting against God, implying its success would prove its divine backing.

Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip

Gamaliel's Anachronistic Examples

In Acts 5, Gamaliel warns the Sanhedrin by citing Theudas and Judas the Galilean as examples of failed rebel leaders. However, Theudas's revolt occurred between 44-45 CE, over a decade after the events described in Acts 5 (around 33-34 CE). Furthermore, Judas the Galilean's revolt in 6 CE happened almost 40 years before Theudas, not after him as Gamaliel states. This demonstrates anachronism and historical inaccuracy.

Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 6: Acts as History · watch the clip

Acts 5:34-39

Gamaliel's speech: Theudas and Judas inversion

In Acts 5, Gamaliel's speech incorrectly places Theudas's uprising before that of Judas the Galilean. Historically, Judas led his revolt in 6 CE, while Theudas's occurred between 44-46 CE. This inversion, along with Theudas's revolt not yet having happened at the time of the speech, points to the author's reliance on a source like Josephus, who discusses them in this order, but without careful attention to chronology.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Acts Knows Greece. It Doesn't Know Judea. Here's What That Means · watch the clip

Acts 5 Verse Notes

Acts 5:17-20

Fantastic Elements in Apocryphal and Canonical Texts Challenge Historicity

The presence of fantastic elements, such as a talking lion in the apocryphal Acts of Paul, raises questions about the historical reliability of these texts. Even canonical New Testament texts contain miraculous events, like angels facilitating a prison break, which can challenge their use as straightforward historical documents.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Did Paul Really Baptize a Talking Lion?! · watch the clip

Acts 5:29

New Testament Views on Political Authority

Passages like Matthew 22:21 ('Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's') and Romans 13:1-3 (exhorting obedience to governing authorities) are original to their respective New Testament documents. These reflect a view within early Christianity that believers should obey political authority, often to avoid persecution for law-breaking rather than for faith. This stance coexists with other New Testament texts, such as Acts 5:29 ('We must obey God rather than human beings') and Revelation, which express opposition to Roman authority, indicating a tension and variety of views within early Christianity.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Should We Think Mark Was the First Gospel? · watch the clip

Acts 5:36-37

Jesus's observance of Torah

The Gospel narratives portray Jesus as an observant Jew who adhered to Torah law. He was circumcised on the eighth day, made pilgrimages to the Jerusalem Temple, observed the Sabbath and Jewish holidays, attended synagogues, and instructed his followers on keeping the Mosaic Torah.

Summarized by AI · Judaism in the Time of Jesus: Torah Law and Everyday Life in First-Century Judea · Lecture 2: Jewish Diversity and the Sects · watch the clip

Acts' account of Theudas and Judas the Galilean

The speech by Gamaliel in Acts 5:36-37, which mentions Theudas and Judas the Galilean in a specific sequence, is problematic historically. Gamaliel refers to Theudas leading an uprising before Judas the Galilean, but historical sources like Josephus indicate Judas was active earlier than Theudas. This chronological error suggests the author of Acts may have been working with imprecise or later information, rather than being an eyewitness.

Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 8: The Author of Acts | Who and When? · watch the clip

Acts 5:36

Late Dating of Luke-Acts and Josephus

Some scholars propose a late dating for Luke-Acts (around 120 CE), arguing its dependence on Josephus's writings from the 90s CE, citing parallels like the accounts of Theudas and the Egyptian. If true, this would mean Luke-Acts was written much later than the events it describes, potentially questioning its historical accuracy, especially regarding Paul's life. However, this late dating would not significantly alter the synoptic problem, as the proposed relationships between the gospels (e.g., use of Q and Mark) would still be plausible.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Our Two-Year Anniversary! A Live Q&A with Bart · watch the clip

Acts 5:37

Judas the Galilean and the Fourth Philosophy

Josephus identifies Judas the Galilean, also mentioned in Acts 5, as the founder of the 'fourth philosophy.' This group largely agreed with the Pharisees on law and belief but differed in their conviction that only God should be recognized as master over humans, leading them to refuse submission to human, particularly Roman, authority.

Summarized by AI · Judaism in the Time of Jesus: Torah Law and Everyday Life in First-Century Judea · Lecture 2: Jewish Diversity and the Sects · watch the clip

Luke's Knowledge of Josephus's Antiquities

Luke's Gospel and Acts appear to demonstrate knowledge of Josephus's work, 'Antiquities of the Jews,' which is generally dated to the mid-90s CE. For example, Luke 2:2 mentions the census under Quirinius, and Acts 5:37 refers to Theudas and Judas the Galilean in an order consistent with Josephus's account. Additionally, Luke's use of 'the Egyptian' in Acts 21:38 to describe a character, a detail also found in Josephus, strongly suggests Luke's reliance on Josephus, pushing Luke's composition into the second century.

Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 12: When Were the Synoptic Gospels Written? · watch the clip

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