1Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the disciples of the Lord. He approached the high priest
2and requested letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any men or women belonging to the Way, he could bring them as prisoners to Jerusalem.
3As Saul drew near to Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him.
4He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, “Saul, Saul, why do you persecute Me?”
5“Who are You, Lord?” Saul asked. “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,” He replied.
6“Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do.”
7The men traveling with Saul stood there speechless. They heard the voice but did not see anyone.
8Saul got up from the ground, but when he opened his eyes he could not see a thing. So they led him by the hand into Damascus.
9For three days he was without sight, and he did not eat or drink anything.
10In Damascus there was a disciple named Ananias. The Lord spoke to him in a vision, “Ananias!” “Here I am, Lord,” he answered.
11“Get up!” the Lord told him. “Go to the house of Judas on Straight Street and ask for a man from Tarsus named Saul, for he is praying.
12In a vision he has seen a man named Ananias come and place his hands on him to restore his sight.”
13But Ananias answered, “Lord, many people have told me about this man and all the harm he has done to Your saints in Jerusalem.
14And now he is here with authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on Your name.”
15“Go!” said the Lord. “This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.
16I will show him how much he must suffer for My name.”
17So Ananias went to the house, and when he arrived, he placed his hands on Saul. “Brother Saul,” he said, “the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you were coming here, has sent me so that you may see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”
18At that instant, something like scales fell from Saul’s eyes, and his sight was restored. He got up and was baptized,
19and after taking some food, he regained his strength. And he spent several days with the disciples in Damascus.
20Saul promptly began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, declaring, “He is the Son of God.”
21All who heard him were astounded and asked, “Isn’t this the man who wreaked havoc in Jerusalem on those who call on this name? And hasn’t he come here to take them as prisoners to the chief priests?”
22But Saul was empowered all the more, and he confounded the Jews living in Damascus by proving that Jesus is the Christ.
23After many days had passed, the Jews conspired to kill him,
24but Saul learned of their plot. Day and night they watched the city gates in order to kill him.
25One night, however, his disciples took him and lowered him in a basket through a window in the wall.
26When Saul arrived in Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples, but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple.
27Then Barnabas brought him to the apostles and described how Saul had seen the Lord, who had spoken to him on the road to Damascus, and how Saul had spoken boldly in that city in the name of Jesus.
28So Saul stayed with them, moving about freely in Jerusalem and speaking boldly in the name of the Lord.
29He talked and debated with the Grecian Jews, but they tried to kill him.
30When the brothers learned of this, they took him down to Caesarea and sent him off to Tarsus.
31Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria experienced a time of peace. It grew in strength and numbers, living in the fear of the Lord and the encouragement of the Holy Spirit.
32As Peter traveled throughout the area, he went to visit the saints in Lydda.
33There he found a man named Aeneas who had been paralyzed and bedridden for eight years.
34“Aeneas,” Peter said to him, “Jesus Christ heals you! Get up and put away your mat.” Immediately Aeneas got up,
35and all who lived in Lydda and Sharon saw him and turned to the Lord.
36In Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha (which is translated as Dorcas), who was always occupied with works of kindness and charity.
37At that time, however, she became sick and died, and her body was washed and placed in an upper room.
38Since Lydda was near Joppa, the disciples, hearing that Peter was there, sent two men to urge him, “Come to us without delay.”
39So Peter got up and went with them. On his arrival, they took him to the upper room. All the widows stood around him, weeping and showing him the tunics and other clothing that Dorcas had made while she was still with them.
40Then Peter sent them all out of the room. He knelt down and prayed, and turning toward her body, he said, “Tabitha, get up!” She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter, she sat up.
41Peter took her by the hand and helped her up. Then he called the saints and widows and presented her to them alive.
42This became known all over Joppa, and many people believed in the Lord.
43And Peter stayed for several days in Joppa with a tanner named Simon.
Acts 9 Section and Chapter Commentary
Acts 9:1-31
Acts shows Peter initiating the Gentile mission
In Acts, Paul's conversion in chapter 9 is followed by his immediate trip to Jerusalem to confer with the apostles. More significantly, in chapter 10, God reveals to Peter, not Paul, that Gentiles do not need to keep kosher to be saved. Peter then converts Gentiles, and the Holy Spirit descends upon them, establishing Peter as the originator of the Gentile mission in the narrative of Acts.
Summarized by AI · Did Peter Hate Paul? Apostolic Conflict in the Early Church · Lecture 2: Disputes in the History of the Dispute · watch the clip
Discrepancies Between Acts and Paul's Letters
A significant problem with attributing Acts to a companion of Paul is the numerous discrepancies between the accounts of Paul's actions and teachings in Acts and Paul's own letters. These differences, ranging from minor details about companions to contradictory theological messages, suggest the author of Acts was not an eyewitness or close associate of Paul.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Was Luke Written by Luke? And Why Should We Care? · watch the clip
Acts 9:1-28
Paul's Post-Conversion Activities
Paul states in Galatians that after his conversion, he did not consult with anyone or go to Jerusalem, but instead went to Arabia for three years. In contrast, Acts depicts Paul immediately conferring with Ananias in Damascus, then spending time with Christians there, and subsequently going directly to Jerusalem to meet with the apostles. These accounts differ significantly on Paul's actions immediately following his conversion.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 7: The Book of Acts vs. The Letters of Paul · watch the clip
Discrepancies in Paul's Post-Conversion Journey
Acts describes Paul's conversion on the road to Damascus, followed by his consultation with Ananias in Damascus and then a direct journey to Jerusalem to meet the apostles. However, Paul explicitly states in Galatians that after his revelation of Jesus, he did not consult with any human or immediately go to Jerusalem. He claims he went to Arabia and then returned to Damascus, only visiting Jerusalem three years later. Paul even swears before God that his account is true, highlighting a significant contradiction with Acts.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Does Acts Portray Paul the Way Paul Portrays Paul? · watch the clip
Acts 9:1-19
Coercion Justified by Paul's Conversion
Augustine defended the Church's use of state coercion against Donatists by citing the example of the Apostle Paul. He argued that just as Christ used force to convert Paul on the road to Damascus, as described in Acts, the Church is justified in compelling its 'lost children' to return.
Summarized by AI · Ancient Christianities: The First Five Hundred Years · Lecture 18: Augustine, The City of God | Israel and Empire · watch the clip
Paul's Conversion and Mission to Gentiles
Paul, initially a persecutor of the Jesus movement, converted after an encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus. This conversion led him to become a prominent evangelist, particularly to Gentiles. While seemingly a new direction, the inclusion of Gentiles in an apocalyptic messianic movement was consistent with some Jewish apocalyptic thought about the end times.
Summarized by AI · Demons and Ghosts in the Bible · Lecture 4: Fallen Angels in Paul and his Interpreters (I) · watch the clip
Paul's Conversion and Revelation of Christ
Paul's conversion experience, described in Acts and alluded to in Galatians, was a direct revelation from Jesus Christ, not a human-mediated conversion. This personal encounter profoundly reshaped his understanding of Jesus' identity and mission, leading him to become a follower.
Summarized by AI · Must Women Keep Silent? Paul's Real Views on Gender, Desire, and Women · Lecture 1: The Apostle Paul in History and Legend | Apostle to the Gentiles · watch the clip
Paul's Vision of the Risen Christ
Paul's conversion was prompted by a vision of the resurrected Jesus, which convinced him that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah. This experience fundamentally changed his life and led him to believe he was wrong in persecuting early Christians.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Earliest Source for Jesus · watch the clip
Inconsistencies in Acts' Accounts of Paul's Conversion
The book of Acts provides three accounts of Paul's encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus (Acts 9, 22, 26). These accounts contain irreconcilable differences, such as whether Paul's companions heard the voice or saw the light, and whether Paul was instructed by Jesus directly or by Ananias in Damascus.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Did Paul Convert? Did He Convert? · watch the clip
Reliability of Acts: Date and Internal Contradictions
The book of Acts, written by the same author as the Gospel of Luke, is typically dated to the mid-80s CE, or potentially as late as 120 CE by some scholars. This significant time gap (50 to 90 years after the events) raises questions about its historical reliability. Furthermore, Acts contains internal contradictions, such as three differing accounts of Paul's conversion, and often presents narratives that conflict with Paul's own letters regarding his actions and statements.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Christianity One Year After Jesus · watch the clip
Acts 9:1-9
Paul's Thorn in the Flesh
In 2 Corinthians, Paul mentions a 'thorn in the flesh' that God refused to remove, stating that God's grace was sufficient. The exact nature of this affliction is unknown, with various interpretations including a speech impediment, a physical ailment like epilepsy (suggested by the account in Acts of his conversion), or a struggle with personal desires such as sexuality. Paul does not specify, leaving its identity open to speculation.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Did Jesus Have to Suffer? Trying to Make Sense of a Troubling View · watch the clip
Acts 9:3-7
The Damascus Road Epiphany
While en route to Damascus to persecute Christians, Saul experienced a blinding light and heard Jesus' voice asking, 'Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?' This direct encounter with the resurrected Jesus led to his temporary blindness and a divine instruction to proceed to Damascus, where he would receive further guidance.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip
Acts 9:10-28
Paul's Account Contradicts Acts on Post-Conversion Actions
Paul explicitly states in Galatians that after his revelation, he did not consult with any human and did not immediately go to Jerusalem to confer with the apostles. This directly contradicts the accounts in Acts, which depict him going to Ananias for instruction and then to Jerusalem to meet with the apostles.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Did Paul Convert? Did He Convert? · watch the clip
Acts 9:10-19
Ananias's Role in Paul's Conversion and Healing
In Damascus, Ananias, a disciple, was instructed by Jesus in a vision to find Saul. Despite Ananias's apprehension due to Saul's reputation as a persecutor, he obeyed. Ananias laid hands on Saul, restoring his sight and leading to his baptism, symbolizing his spiritual enlightenment and conversion.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip
Acts 9:19-30
Tensions Between Acts and Other New Testament Sources
The historical accounts in Acts sometimes show tension with other New Testament sources. For example, Paul's chronology of post-conversion travels in Galatians differs from the account in Acts. Additionally, the manner of Judas's death is described differently in Matthew and Acts, prompting scholars to approach Acts' historicity with caution and to analyze individual accounts on a case-by-case basis.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 10: Acts | When Christianity Became “Historical” · watch the clip
Acts 9:19-28
Paul's Post-Conversion Contact with Apostles
Paul's account in Galatians contradicts the Book of Acts regarding his interactions with other apostles after his conversion. Paul explicitly states under oath in Galatians that he did not consult with any human and did not go to Jerusalem for three years after his revelatory experience, meeting only Cephas and James after that period. In contrast, Acts depicts Paul immediately conferring with Ananias in Damascus and then traveling to Jerusalem to meet with the apostles shortly after his conversion. This represents a significant contradiction concerning Paul's early apostolic independence.
Summarized by AI · The Bible and the Quran: Comparing Their Historical Problems · Lecture 3: The New Testament | How Much History, How Much Story? · watch the clip
Acts 9:20-25
Paul's Immediate Preaching and Escape
Immediately after his conversion, Paul began preaching about Jesus in the synagogues of Damascus, astonishing those who knew him as a persecutor. His fervent advocacy for Christ quickly led to plots against his life by other Jews, necessitating his escape from Damascus, where he was lowered in a basket through the city wall.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip
Acts 9:26-30
Discrepancies between Acts and Paul's Epistles
While Acts generally aligns with Paul's epistles, there are notable discrepancies, particularly regarding Paul's visits to Jerusalem. Paul states in Galatians that he visited Jerusalem only twice, but Acts depicts him visiting five times, including an immediate trip after his calling. These differences raise questions about Luke's historical accuracy versus his narrative structuring.
Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 15: Was Luke a Historian or a Theologian? · watch the clip
Acts 9:36-43
Widows in Luke-Acts: Objects of Pity
The Gospel of Luke and Acts generally present widows as poor, dependent, and passive figures who are objects of pity and need care, with exceptions primarily in the opening chapters of Luke. This contrasts with the more active and self-reliant portrayals of widows found in other biblical texts.
Summarized by AI · The Parables of Jesus: Jewish Insights into Gospel Ethics, Humor, and Provocation · Lecture 4: Persevering Widow and Unjust Judge | How Parables Promote and Demote Women · watch the clip
Apostles Replicate Jesus' Miracles
The miracles performed by Jesus in Luke's Gospel, such as healing the sick, casting out demons, and raising the dead, are replicated by the apostles in the book of Acts. This parallel demonstrates a thematic continuity, showing that the power and mission of Jesus continue through his followers.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Should We Think Luke and Acts Have the Same Author? · watch the clip
Acts 9:36-42
Disciples' Authority to Raise the Dead
Jesus grants his disciples authority to perform miracles, including raising the dead, as stated in Matthew 10:7-8. While the Gospels do not narrate these specific acts by the disciples, the Book of Acts records instances of apostles like Peter and Paul raising individuals from the dead. Jesus's own resurrection remains unique because it is a permanent resurrection (never to die again) and is directly performed by God, with all other resuscitations rooted in his divine power.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Night of the Living Dead: Matthew's Forgotten Resurrection · watch the clip
Acts 9 Verse Notes
Acts 9:1-2
Jesus' Death and the Non-Messianic Expectation
Paul, like many ancient Jews, initially found it difficult to accept Jesus as the Messiah because Jesus' life and death did not align with the common messianic expectation of a figure who would bring about the redemption and restoration of Israel. Jesus' execution by the Romans, rather than a triumphant establishment of a new kingdom, contradicted these deeply held beliefs.
Summarized by AI · Must Women Keep Silent? Paul's Real Views on Gender, Desire, and Women · Lecture 1: The Apostle Paul in History and Legend | Apostle to the Gentiles · watch the clip
Paul's Pre-Conversion Zeal for Persecution
Before his conversion, Saul was intensely hostile towards Christians, 'breathing threats and murder against the disciples.' He sought letters from the high priest to arrest followers of 'the Way' in Damascus, intending to bring them bound to Jerusalem. This highlights his fervent opposition to Christianity, setting the stage for his dramatic transformation.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip
Acts 9:1
Paul's Persecution of Christians
Paul admits to persecuting Christians, though the exact nature of his actions is unclear. He describes his zeal for Judaism as leading him to attempt to destroy the church. The Book of Acts claims he was officially sanctioned by the Jewish high priest to persecute Christians in Damascus, but this is historically unlikely as the high priest lacked jurisdiction outside Jerusalem.
Summarized by AI · Paul and His Letters: A Basic Introduction · Paul and His Letters: A Basic Introduction · watch the clip
Paul's Conversion Accounts: Internal Discrepancies
Acts provides three accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9, 22, 26), which contain conflicting details. For example, in one account, Paul's companions hear a voice but see no one, while in another, they see a light but hear nothing. There are also inconsistencies regarding whether companions stood or fell, and whether Jesus or Ananias instructed Paul.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 6: Acts as History · watch the clip
High Priest's Authority Over Damascus
Acts 9 describes Paul receiving letters from the high priest to arrest followers of Jesus in Damascus. This is historically implausible because the high priest's authority was limited to the temple cult in Jerusalem and did not extend to Jewish communities in other regions like Syria.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 6: Acts as History · watch the clip
Acts' Account of Paul's Persecution
The book of Acts portrays Paul as actively involved in the persecution of Christians, including being present at Stephen's stoning and receiving authorization from the high priest to persecute Christians in Damascus. However, the speaker notes that the high priest's authority likely did not extend to Damascus, suggesting this detail might be historically inaccurate.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Why Did Paul Hate Jesus and His Followers? · watch the clip
Acts 9:3-6
Paul's Revelation of Jesus on the Road to Damascus
The Book of Acts recounts Paul's conversion experience, where a light from heaven flashes around him, and he hears Jesus' voice. Paul himself describes this as Jesus being "revealed to me" in 1 Corinthians, highlighting the revelatory, apocalyptic nature of his call to faith.
Summarized by AI · Holy Pain: Why Early Christians Embraced Suffering · Lecture 2: Apocalypticism | Making Sense of Suffering · watch the clip
Acts 9:11
Paul's Origin in Acts vs. His Letters
The book of Acts repeatedly states that Paul, referred to as Saul, is from Tarsus. However, Paul's own letters never mention Tarsus as his place of origin. Instead, he indicates he is from the region around Damascus, particularly in the context of his 'turning' or change in perspective.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Was Paul the Apostle Really From Tarsus? · watch the clip
Acts 9:15
God's Plan: Making Good Out of Evil
A central theme in Acts is that events, even painful ones like persecution and rejection, unfold according to God's necessary plan. God uses evil and opposition, such as the persecution of Christians that scattered them to new regions or Paul's initial zeal to destroy the church, to ultimately advance the gospel and bring about greater good, demonstrating His unstoppable power.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Acts of the Apostles · Lecture 3: The Conversion of Paul · watch the clip
Acts 9:36
Divine Power as a Conversion Factor
A primary reason for pagan conversion to Christianity was the belief that the Christian God was more powerful than their own gods. Pagans worshipped gods for their ability to provide help and control aspects of life beyond human control. Christians, through word-of-mouth stories and alleged miracles, convinced people that their God could heal, control weather, and even raise the dead, making their deity appear superior and more worthy of worship.
Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · How Did Christianity Take Over the Roman World? · watch the clip