Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Deuteronomy · Chapter 10 of 34

Deuteronomy 10: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

22 verses · 7 video commentaries from 5 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1At that time the LORD said to me, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the originals, come up to Me on the mountain, and make an ark of wood.

2And I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke; and you are to place them in the ark.”

3So I made an ark of acacia wood, chiseled out two stone tablets like the originals, and went up the mountain with the two tablets in my hands.

4And the LORD wrote on the tablets what had been written previously, the Ten Commandments that He had spoken to you on the mountain out of the fire on the day of the assembly. The LORD gave them to me,

5and I went back down the mountain and placed the tablets in the ark I had made, as the LORD had commanded me; and there they have remained.

6The Israelites traveled from Beeroth Bene-jaakan to Moserah, where Aaron died and was buried, and Eleazar his son succeeded him as priest.

7From there they traveled to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land with streams of water.

8At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to serve Him, and to pronounce blessings in His name, as they do to this day.

9That is why Levi has no portion or inheritance among his brothers; the LORD is his inheritance, as the LORD your God promised him.

10I stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights, like the first time, and that time the LORD again listened to me and agreed not to destroy you.

11Then the LORD said to me, “Get up. Continue your journey ahead of the people, that they may enter and possess the land that I swore to their fathers to give them.”

12And now, O Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God by walking in all His ways, to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul,

13and to keep the commandments and statutes of the LORD that I am giving you this day for your own good?

14Behold, to the LORD your God belong the heavens, even the highest heavens, and the earth and everything in it.

15Yet the LORD has set His affection on your fathers and loved them. And He has chosen you, their descendants after them, above all the peoples, even to this day.

16Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more.

17For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God, showing no partiality and accepting no bribe.

18He executes justice for the fatherless and widow, and He loves the foreigner, giving him food and clothing.

19So you also must love the foreigner, since you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

20You are to fear the LORD your God and serve Him. Hold fast to Him and take your oaths in His name.

21He is your praise and He is your God, who has done for you these great and awesome wonders that your eyes have seen.

22Your fathers went down to Egypt, seventy in all, and now the LORD your God has made you as numerous as the stars in the sky.

Deuteronomy 10 Section and Chapter Commentary

Deut 10:1-5

The Ark of the Covenant and Idolatry

The Ark of the Covenant's representation varies across biblical texts. In Deuteronomy, it is depicted as a simple box for the tablets, devoid of figures, aligning with an anti-idolatrous stance. However, in other texts like Exodus and Leviticus, the Ark, with its cherubim, functions more as a throne or a representation of God's presence, similar to how idols or sculpted images of deities functioned in other Near Eastern cultures, though it was not considered God itself.

Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 6: The Divine Name and the Sabbath · watch the clip

Deuteronomy 10 Verse Notes

Deut 10:6

Contradictory locations for Aaron's death

The Pentateuch contains contradictions regarding the location of Aaron's death. Numbers 20:27-28 states that Aaron died at Mount Hor, while Deuteronomy places his death at a different location called Syrah. Although not a major theological issue, this discrepancy highlights an inconsistency within the text.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 5: The Composition of the Pentateuch · watch the clip

Contradictory Locations for Aaron's Death

Another contradiction concerns the location of Aaron's death. Numbers 33:38 states he died at Mount Hor, whereas Deuteronomy 10:6 places his death at Moserah, indicating a discrepancy between different accounts.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 5: The Composition of the Pentateuch · watch the clip

Deut 10:16

Punitive Nature of Jewish Law

Justin asserts that the Jewish law, particularly circumcision, was given as a punitive measure. He claims it served to distinguish Jews from other nations and Christians, marking them for the afflictions they deservedly endured, such as the desolation of their land and cities. True circumcision, he argues, is of the heart, as taught by the prophets.

Summarized by AI · Ancient Christianities: The First Five Hundred Years · Lecture 7: Jews and Heretics | Justin Martyr and Israel · watch the clip

Jewish Scriptures and Jewish Hard-Heartedness

Justin and Irenaeus countered Marcion's and Valentinus' rejection of the Septuagint by asserting that the problem lay not with the scriptures themselves, which were given by a good God, but with the Jewish people's 'hard-heartedness and disobedience.' This argument made Jews a central target of ecclesiastical rhetoric, portraying them as perpetually guilty for Christ's death and embodying spiritual blindness.

Summarized by AI · Ancient Christianities: The First Five Hundred Years · Lecture 8: Jews and Heretics | Irenaeus and Heresy · watch the clip

Deut 10:20

Jesus' Third Temptation: Worshiping God Alone

In the final temptation, the devil offers Jesus all the kingdoms of the world if he bows down and worships him. Jesus rebukes Satan, quoting Deuteronomy 6:13 and 10:20, which command worship of God alone. This contrasts with Israel's idolatry in the wilderness, particularly with the golden calf, demonstrating Jesus' singular devotion to God.

Summarized by AI · The Genius of the Gospel of Matthew: What Scholars Say About the First Gospel · Lecture 5: Matthew as an Anti-Jewish Jewish Gospel? · watch the clip

Joshua's Final Admonition to Follow the Torah

At the end of his life, Joshua reiterates the importance of fulfilling the instruction and Torah of Moses, echoing key Deuteronomic passages. In Joshua 22:5, he urges the people to love God, walk in His ways, and keep His commandments, reminiscent of the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:5. Joshua 23 further warns against deviating from the Torah, intermingling with other nations, or serving other gods, drawing heavily from Deuteronomic commands.

Summarized by AI · The Rise and Fall of Biblical Israel: The Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings · Lecture 2: Joshua and the Conquest of Canaan | Too Good to Be True · watch the clip

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