Book of Exodus · Chapter 23 of 40
33 verses · 8 video commentaries from 4 courses · Berean Standard Bible
1“You shall not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked by being a malicious witness.
2You shall not follow the crowd in wrongdoing. When you testify in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice by siding with the crowd.
3And do not show favoritism to a poor man in his lawsuit.
4If you encounter your enemy’s stray ox or donkey, you must return it to him.
5If you see the donkey of one who hates you fallen under its load, do not leave it there; you must help him with it.
6You shall not deny justice to the poor in their lawsuits.
7Stay far away from a false accusation. Do not kill the innocent or the just, for I will not acquit the guilty.
8Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds those who see and twists the words of the righteous.
9Do not oppress a foreign resident, since you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners; for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
10For six years you are to sow your land and gather its produce,
11but in the seventh year you must let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor among your people may eat from the field and the wild animals may consume what they leave. Do the same with your vineyard and olive grove.
12For six days you are to do your work, but on the seventh day you must cease, so that your ox and your donkey may rest and the son of your maidservant may be refreshed, as well as the foreign resident.
13Pay close attention to everything I have said to you. You must not invoke the names of other gods; they must not be heard on your lips.
14Three times a year you are to celebrate a feast to Me.
15You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread as I commanded you: At the appointed time in the month of Abib you are to eat unleavened bread for seven days, because that was the month you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before Me empty-handed.
16You are also to keep the Feast of Harvest with the firstfruits of the produce from what you sow in the field. And keep the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather your produce from the field.
17Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord GOD.
18You must not offer the blood of My sacrifices with anything leavened, nor may the fat of My feast remain until morning.
19Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.
20Behold, I am sending an angel before you to protect you along the way and to bring you to the place I have prepared.
21Pay attention to him and listen to his voice; do not defy him, for he will not forgive rebellion, since My Name is in him.
22But if you will listen carefully to his voice and do everything I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes.
23For My angel will go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will annihilate them.
24You must not bow down to their gods or serve them or follow their practices. Instead, you are to demolish them and smash their sacred stones to pieces.
25So you shall serve the LORD your God, and He will bless your bread and your water. And I will take away sickness from among you.
26No woman in your land will miscarry or be barren; I will fulfill the number of your days.
27I will send My terror ahead of you and throw into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn and run.
28I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.
29I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you.
30Little by little I will drive them out ahead of you, until you become fruitful and possess the land.
31And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.
32You shall make no covenant with them or with their gods.
33They must not remain in your land, lest they cause you to sin against Me. For if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.”
Exod 23:4-9
The giving of the Law, including the Ten Commandments, is presented as a direct consequence of God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt. Because God saved His people, they are obligated to keep His commandments, which govern their behavior towards both God and other people, including aliens.
Summarized by AI · Finding Moses: What Scholars Know About the Exodus and the Jewish Law · Lecture 3: The Exodus · watch the clip
Exod 23:8
Some laws in the Mosaic Law are apodictic, meaning they are direct commands or prohibitions without conditions. Examples include not taking bribes in court cases, leaving fields fallow in the seventh year to provide for the poor, and requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year during festivals.
Summarized by AI · Finding Moses: What Scholars Know About the Exodus and the Jewish Law · Lecture 5: The Law of Moses | A Bird's-Eye View · watch the clip
Exod 23:10-11
Some laws in the Mosaic Law are apodictic, meaning they are direct commands or prohibitions without conditions. Examples include not taking bribes in court cases, leaving fields fallow in the seventh year to provide for the poor, and requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year during festivals.
Summarized by AI · Finding Moses: What Scholars Know About the Exodus and the Jewish Law · Lecture 5: The Law of Moses | A Bird's-Eye View · watch the clip
Exod 23:12
In the Covenant Code (Exodus), the Sabbath commandment appears to function as a labor law, advocating for a day of rest every seven days for the benefit of domestic animals and slaves. This practice, similar to letting fields lie fallow every seven years, is presented as good practice for preventing burnout and promoting well-being, without specifying religious activities.
Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 7: Honoring Parents and... Killing · watch the clip
Exod 23:17
Some laws in the Mosaic Law are apodictic, meaning they are direct commands or prohibitions without conditions. Examples include not taking bribes in court cases, leaving fields fallow in the seventh year to provide for the poor, and requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year during festivals.
Summarized by AI · Finding Moses: What Scholars Know About the Exodus and the Jewish Law · Lecture 5: The Law of Moses | A Bird's-Eye View · watch the clip
Exod 23:19
In ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments were not a significant or authentically ancient text, constitution, or custom. Unlike traditions such as the Exodus, which were widely known, the Ten Commandments were a minor element. Their importance is further diminished by the fact that they appear twice in the Torah, while a less prominent law, 'you shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk,' appears three times, suggesting the latter held more significance in the history of the Bible and ancient Israelite religion.
Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 10: Conclusion · watch the clip
Exod 23:20
Mark opens the action by citing 'Isaiah the prophet,' but the quotation is actually a blend of Exodus 23:20, Malachi 3:1, and Isaiah 40:3, with Isaiah probably standing in for the whole package. Some later scribes saw the problem and altered their copies. By starting with fulfilled scripture, Mark stakes his claim at the outset: whoever Jesus was and whatever happened to him, it all unfolds according to the plan of God.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of Mark: Jesus the Secret Messiah · Lecture 1: The Beginning of the Gospel · watch the clip
Mark 1:2 presents a textual variant regarding the source of the prophecy. Some manuscripts state 'in the prophet Isaiah,' while others say 'in the prophets.' Although the quotation combines passages from Exodus, Malachi, and Isaiah, scholars generally agree that 'in the prophet Isaiah' is the original reading, as scribes were more likely to correct a perceived error than create one.
Summarized by AI · The Genius of Mark: Jesus the Secret Messiah · Lecture 7: Intriguing Textual Variants in Mark’s Story · watch the clip
In Mark 1:2-3, Mark introduces a quotation by stating it is "written in the prophets" in some manuscripts, while others say "in the prophet Isaiah." The quotation itself combines passages from Exodus 23:20, Malachi 3:1, and Isaiah 40:3. The reading "in the prophets" aligns better with the multiple Old Testament sources cited, yet the reading "in the prophet Isaiah" is found in some of the oldest and best manuscripts. Scribes likely changed "Isaiah" to "the prophets" to correct what appeared to be an error, following the criterion of Lectio Difficilior (the more difficult reading).
Summarized by AI · The Scribal Corruption of Scripture: How the Bible Was Changed and Why Readers May Never Know · Lecture 1: Doubts and Debates About the “Original” New Testament | Can We Really Know, and Does It Matter? · watch the clip
Exod 23:33
In the original Exodus narrative, God establishes a covenant with Israel based on the Covenant Code (Exodus 20:22-23:33). The people agree to these terms multiple times, affirming their commitment to the laws that govern their relationship with Yahweh.
Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 3: What the Ten Commandments Do in the Story · watch the clip