Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Genesis · Chapter 14 of 50

Genesis 14: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

24 verses · 4 video commentaries from 3 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1In those days Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim

2went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar).

3The latter five came as allies to the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea).

4For twelve years they had been subject to Chedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

5In the fourteenth year, Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh-kiriathaim,

6and the Horites in the area of Mount Seir, as far as El-paran, which is near the desert.

7Then they turned back to invade En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who lived in Hazazon-tamar.

8Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and arrayed themselves for battle in the Valley of Siddim

9against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five.

10Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some men fell into the pits, but the survivors fled to the hill country.

11The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food, and they went on their way.

12They also carried off Abram’s nephew Lot and his possessions, since Lot was living in Sodom.

13Then an escapee came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the Oaks of Mamre the Amorite, a brother of Eshcol and Aner, all of whom were bound by treaty to Abram.

14And when Abram heard that his relative had been captured, he mobilized the 318 trained men born in his household, and they set out in pursuit as far as Dan.

15During the night, Abram divided his forces and routed Chedorlaomer’s army, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus.

16He retrieved all the goods, as well as his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the rest of the people.

17After Abram returned from defeating Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).

18Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine—since he was priest of God Most High—

19and he blessed Abram and said: “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth,

20and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.” Then Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything.

21The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people, but take the goods for yourself.”

22But Abram replied to the king of Sodom, “I have raised my hand to the LORD God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth,

23that I will not accept even a thread, or a strap of a sandal, or anything that belongs to you, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’

24I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share for the men who went with me—Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. They may take their portion.”

Genesis 14 Verse Notes

Gen 14:1

Lack of External Corroboration for Patriarchal Events

The Genesis narratives describe Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob engaging in significant interactions with foreign kings, pharaohs, and entire cities. However, there is no mention of these events or the non-Israelite figures involved in any external historical records outside of the Bible, suggesting these stories may not be historical accounts.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 6: The Ancestors and the Role of Tradition · watch the clip

Gen 14:14

Anachronism: Dan's territory mentioned before its existence

The Genesis narrative describes Abraham chasing kings as far as Dan. However, the territory of Dan, named after one of Jacob's sons, would not have existed for another 500-600 years after Abraham's time, indicating an anachronism in the text.

Summarized by AI · In the Beginning: History, Legend, and Myth in Genesis · Lecture 4: The Patriarchs | History or Legend? · watch the clip

Anachronisms in Genesis suggest a later authorship than Moses

Several passages in Genesis contain anachronisms that point to a composition date long after Moses's supposed 13th-century BCE lifetime. For instance, Genesis 12:6 mentions a time when Canaanites were no longer in the land, which occurred after Moses. Genesis 14:14 refers to the city of Dan, which was named after the Israelite conquest. Genesis 21 and 24 mention Philistines and domesticated camels, which appeared centuries after Moses. Furthermore, Genesis 36:31 speaks of 'kings of Israel,' a concept that did not exist until the 10th century BCE.

Summarized by AI · In the Beginning: History, Legend, and Myth in Genesis · Lecture 6: Who Wrote the Pentateuch? · watch the clip

Jesus' Name and Cross in Abraham's 318 Circumcised Men

The Epistle of Barnabas argues that the 318 men Abraham circumcised to rescue Lot (Genesis 14) symbolically represent Jesus and his cross. By assigning numerical values to Greek letters, '318' can be formed by letters representing the first two letters of Jesus' name (iota-eta) and the cross (tau), suggesting Jesus' presence and salvation through the cross are prefigured in Genesis.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Finding Jesus in Genesis · watch the clip

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