Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Genesis · Chapter 8 of 50

Genesis 8: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

22 verses · 12 video commentaries from 3 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1But God remembered Noah and all the animals and livestock that were with him in the ark. And God sent a wind over the earth, and the waters began to subside.

2The springs of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained.

3The waters receded steadily from the earth, and after 150 days the waters had gone down.

4On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat.

5And the waters continued to recede until the tenth month, and on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains became visible.

6After forty days Noah opened the window he had made in the ark

7and sent out a raven. It kept flying back and forth until the waters had dried up from the earth.

8Then Noah sent out a dove to see if the waters had receded from the surface of the ground.

9But the dove found no place to rest her foot, and she returned to him in the ark, because the waters were still covering the surface of all the earth. So he reached out his hand and brought her back inside the ark.

10Noah waited seven more days and again sent out the dove from the ark.

11And behold, the dove returned to him in the evening with a freshly plucked olive leaf in her beak. So Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth.

12And Noah waited seven more days and sent out the dove again, but this time she did not return to him.

13In Noah’s six hundred and first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters had dried up from the earth. So Noah removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry.

14By the twenty-seventh day of the second month, the earth was fully dry.

15Then God said to Noah,

16“Come out of the ark, you and your wife, along with your sons and their wives.

17Bring out all the living creatures that are with you—birds, livestock, and everything that crawls upon the ground—so that they can spread out over the earth and be fruitful and multiply upon it.”

18So Noah came out, along with his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives.

19Every living creature, every creeping thing, and every bird—everything that moves upon the earth—came out of the ark, kind by kind.

20Then Noah built an altar to the LORD. And taking from every kind of clean animal and clean bird, he offered burnt offerings on the altar.

21When the LORD smelled the pleasing aroma, He said in His heart, “Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though every inclination of his heart is evil from his youth. And never again will I destroy all living creatures as I have done.

22As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night shall never cease.”

Genesis 8 Section and Chapter Commentary

Gen 8:1-22

Style confirms the flood story's two sources but did not divide them

Baden recalls that the flood story was separated into P and J on plot alone: how many animals, where the water came from. Only afterward does one notice that P consistently says 'all flesh', 'destroy', 'perish', 'the earth', 'male and female' and Elohim, while J says 'all existence', 'blot out', 'die', 'the ground', 'male and its mate' and Yahweh. He says such stylistic consistency confirms a division made on narrative grounds but should never be the reason for making it.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 5: The Composition of the Pentateuch · watch the clip

Gen 8:1-5

First flood story (P-source) details

One flood narrative (often associated with the Priestly source) describes Noah as righteous, the world corrupted by 'all flesh,' and God deciding to end 'everything.' Noah takes two of every living thing, the flood lasts 150 days, waters come from cosmic sources (deep and sky), a raven is sent out, and God establishes a covenant with a rainbow as a sign, promising never to destroy 'all flesh' again. This narrative also includes dietary laws and a calendar-based chronology.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:6-12

Noah's bird releases to check for dry land

After the flood, Noah sends out a raven, which flies back and forth. He then sends out a dove twice, the second time returning with an olive branch, indicating receding waters. The third time, the dove does not return, signaling the end of the flood.

Summarized by AI · In the Beginning: History, Legend, and Myth in Genesis · Lecture 3: Did Genesis Borrow Its Stories From Other Cultures? · watch the clip

Genesis 8 Verse Notes

Gen 8:1

Two distinct flood narratives in Genesis 6-9

The biblical flood story in Genesis 6-9 is not a single, coherent narrative but an interwoven text containing two distinct and often contradictory accounts. These contradictions appear in details such as the number of animals taken onto the ark (two of every kind vs. seven pairs of clean animals and birds, one pair of unclean), the duration of the flood (40 days vs. 150 days), the source of the waters (rain vs. cosmic waters from above and below), and the birds sent out (raven vs. dove).

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Interweaving of narratives based on uniqueness of events

The decision to interweave narratives, such as the flood story, versus presenting them as separate blocks, like the creation accounts, often depends on whether an event can logically happen only once. Events like a global flood or a character's birth/death can only occur once, necessitating interweaving if multiple accounts exist. Creation, however, is unique in that its 'rules' are undefined, allowing for distinct, non-interwoven accounts without violating internal logic.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:6

Second flood story (J-source) details

The other flood narrative (often associated with the Yahwist source) portrays humankind as 'wicked' with 'evil thoughts,' leading God to regret creation. Noah is righteous, and takes seven pairs of clean animals and birds, and one pair of unclean animals. The flood is caused by 40 days and nights of rain, a dove is sent out three times, and after the flood, Noah builds an altar and offers sacrifices of clean animals. God, pleased by the aroma, promises never to curse the earth again, acknowledging humanity's inherent wickedness.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:7-8

Contradictions in the Flood Narrative

The biblical account of Noah's flood in Genesis 6-9 contains internal contradictions and repetitions that are often smoothed over in popular retellings. For instance, it mentions both 40 days and 150 days for the rain, Noah taking two of every animal and also seven pairs, and sending out both a dove and a raven.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · The Bible Before the New Testament: A Conversation with Joel Baden · watch the clip

Gen 8:7

Two Different Birds Sent from the Ark

The biblical flood narrative contains a contradiction regarding the birds Noah sends from the ark. While the popular story recalls Noah sending a dove three times, the text also states that Noah sent a raven before the dove. This detail is one of many inconsistencies that suggest the flood story is a composite of two separate narratives.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:8-11

Second flood story (J-source) details

The other flood narrative (often associated with the Yahwist source) portrays humankind as 'wicked' with 'evil thoughts,' leading God to regret creation. Noah is righteous, and takes seven pairs of clean animals and birds, and one pair of unclean animals. The flood is caused by 40 days and nights of rain, a dove is sent out three times, and after the flood, Noah builds an altar and offers sacrifices of clean animals. God, pleased by the aroma, promises never to curse the earth again, acknowledging humanity's inherent wickedness.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:8

Two Different Birds Sent from the Ark

The biblical flood narrative contains a contradiction regarding the birds Noah sends from the ark. While the popular story recalls Noah sending a dove three times, the text also states that Noah sent a raven before the dove. This detail is one of many inconsistencies that suggest the flood story is a composite of two separate narratives.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Gen 8:20-22

God's covenant and the rainbow after the flood

Following the flood, Noah offers a sacrifice to God. In response, God establishes a covenant, promising never again to destroy the world by flood, and sets the rainbow in the sky as a sign of this eternal promise.

Summarized by AI · In the Beginning: History, Legend, and Myth in Genesis · Lecture 3: Did Genesis Borrow Its Stories From Other Cultures? · watch the clip

Gen 8:21

God's Repeated Promise Not to Flood the Earth

The biblical text records God promising Noah multiple times that he will not bring another flood to destroy the earth. This repetition, particularly the second instance, suggests a duplication within the narrative rather than a single, continuous account. It is another example of the contradictions found when reading the flood story as a unified narrative.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

Second flood story (J) links to Genesis 2-4

The second flood narrative connects to Genesis 2-4 by emphasizing humanity's inherent wickedness and the increase of violence since Cain and Abel, providing the rationale for the flood. The destruction by rain is significant as Genesis 2 initially states there was no rain. Animals die because they exist for humanity's sake in this narrative, and Noah's sacrifice at the end echoes earlier acts of invoking the Lord by name.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

The pleasing odor of Noah's sacrifice: sacrifice as feeding the deity

Asked why God finds a pleasing odor in the sacrifice at the end of the flood, Baden says the story is very clear: God smells it and decides that is why he cannot kill people. He is a hundred percent convinced that behind this, never explicit in the biblical text, lies the ancient notion of sacrifice as feeding the deity, with the smoke as the delivery system; by the biblical period this had become the smelling of good-smelling food gifts. The hint writ large, he says, is a notion fine in the ancient world and less fine for modern thinkers: God needs things from people, sacrifices please God, so God could not get rid of humans who do something God likes.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 4: The Primeval Histories · watch the clip

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