Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Isaiah · Chapter 44 of 66

Isaiah 44: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

28 verses · 6 video commentaries from 4 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1But now listen, O Jacob My servant, Israel, whom I have chosen.

2This is the word of the LORD, your Maker, who formed you from the womb and who will help you: “Do not be afraid, O Jacob My servant, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.

3For I will pour water on the thirsty land, and currents on the dry ground. I will pour out My Spirit on your descendants, and My blessing on your offspring.

4They will sprout among the grass like willows by flowing streams.

5One will say, ‘I belong to the LORD,’ another will call himself by the name of Jacob, and still another will write on his hand, ‘The LORD’s,’ and will take the name of Israel.”

6Thus says the LORD, the King and Redeemer of Israel, the LORD of Hosts: “I am the first and I am the last, and there is no God but Me.

7Who then is like Me? Let him say so! Let him declare his case before Me, since I established an ancient people. Let him foretell the things to come, and what is to take place.

8Do not tremble or fear. Have I not told you and declared it long ago? You are My witnesses! Is there any God but Me? There is no other Rock; I know not one.”

9All makers of idols are nothing, and the things they treasure are worthless. Their witnesses fail to see or comprehend, so they are put to shame.

10Who fashions a god or casts an idol which profits him nothing?

11Behold, all his companions will be put to shame, for the craftsmen themselves are only human. Let them all assemble and take their stand; they will all be brought to terror and shame.

12The blacksmith takes a tool and labors over the coals; he fashions an idol with hammers and forges it with his strong arms. Yet he grows hungry and loses his strength; he fails to drink water and grows faint.

13The woodworker extends a measuring line; he marks it out with a stylus; he shapes it with chisels and outlines it with a compass. He fashions it in the likeness of man, like man in all his glory, that it may dwell in a shrine.

14He cuts down cedars or retrieves a cypress or oak. He lets it grow strong among the trees of the forest. He plants a laurel, and the rain makes it grow.

15It serves as fuel for man. He takes some of it to warm himself, and he kindles a fire and bakes his bread. He also fashions it into a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down to it.

16He burns half of it in the fire, and he roasts meat on that half. He eats the roast and is satisfied. Indeed, he warms himself and says, “Ah! I am warm; I see the fire.”

17From the rest he makes a god, his graven image. He bows down to it and worships; he prays to it and says, “Save me, for you are my god.”

18They do not comprehend or discern, for He has shut their eyes so they cannot see and closed their minds so they cannot understand.

19And no one considers in his heart, no one has the knowledge or insight to say, “I burned half of it in the fire, and I baked bread on its coals; I roasted meat and I ate. Shall I make something detestable with the rest of it? Shall I bow down to a block of wood?”

20He feeds on ashes. His deluded heart has led him astray, and he cannot deliver himself or say, “Is not this thing in my right hand a lie?”

21Remember these things, O Jacob, for you are My servant, O Israel. I have made you, and you are My servant; O Israel, I will never forget you.

22I have blotted out your transgressions like a cloud, and your sins like a mist. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you.

23Sing for joy, O heavens, for the LORD has done this; shout aloud, O depths of the earth. Break forth in song, O mountains, you forests and all your trees. For the LORD has redeemed Jacob, and revealed His glory in Israel.

24Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer who formed you from the womb: “I am the LORD, who has made all things, who alone stretched out the heavens, who by Myself spread out the earth,

25who foils the signs of false prophets and makes fools of diviners, who confounds the wise and turns their knowledge into nonsense,

26who confirms the message of His servant and fulfills the counsel of His messengers, who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, and I will restore their ruins,’

27who says to the depths of the sea, ‘Be dry, and I will dry up your currents,’

28who says of Cyrus, ‘My shepherd will fulfill all that I desire,’ who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’ and of the temple, ‘Let its foundation be laid.’”

Isaiah 44 Verse Notes

Isa 44:1-2

The Servant as Israel

Other 'servant songs' in Second Isaiah, specifically in chapters 44 and 49, explicitly identify the servant of the Lord as Israel, the people of God. Therefore, the suffering described in Isaiah 53 refers to the nation of Israel's past suffering during the Babylonian destruction and exile, and their subsequent restoration.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · What Did the Prophet Isaiah Say About Jesus? · watch the clip

Isa 44:2

Isaiah 44:2 uses metaphorical language for the nation of Israel

Isaiah 44:2, which states God 'formed you in the womb,' refers to the nation of Israel, not an individual fetus. This is metaphorical language emphasizing God's role in creating and choosing Israel as his people, similar to the poetic expressions found in Jeremiah.

Summarized by AI · The Bible and Abortion: When Does Life Begin in the Bible? · Lecture 1: The Bible and the Beginning of Life · watch the clip

Isa 44:6

Second Isaiah's Monotheistic Declaration

Second Isaiah presents a radical shift towards true monotheism, asserting that Yahweh is the only God, with none formed before or after Him. This contrasts with earlier henotheistic views in the Bible, which acknowledged other gods but forbade Israel from worshipping them. This strong monotheistic stance is partly an explanation for Israel's destruction and restoration, attributing all historical events to Yahweh's sole power.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 17: Isaiah | In Three Acts · watch the clip

Monotheism's Later Emergence in Isaiah

True monotheism, the belief that only one God exists, did not emerge in Israelite thought until the exile in the late 6th century BCE. This is evident in Second Isaiah, which explicitly states, "Before me no god was formed, and after me none shall exist," a stark contrast to the earlier monolatrous statements.

Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 5: The First Commandment(s) · watch the clip

Isa 44:9

Idol Mockery in Second Isaiah

Second Isaiah's 'idol speeches' demonstrate a monotheistic perspective by mocking the futility of making idols, stating that "The makers of idols work to no purpose. The things they treasure can do no good." This differs from Deuteronomy's monolatrous aniconism, which prohibits images because Yahweh has no shape, not because all idols are inherently powerless.

Summarized by AI · The Ten Commandments · Lecture 5: The First Commandment(s) · watch the clip

Isa 44:28

Cyrus as Yahweh's Anointed Shepherd

Second Isaiah identifies Cyrus, the Persian emperor, as Yahweh's 'shepherd' and 'anointed one,' chosen to fulfill God's purposes by restoring Jerusalem and rebuilding the temple. This theological interpretation aligns with Cyrus's own imperial propaganda, which claimed divine backing for his conquests, demonstrating how historical events and political messaging influenced the development of Israelite theology.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 17: Isaiah | In Three Acts · watch the clip

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