Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Luke · Chapter 21 of 24

Luke 21: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

38 verses · 13 video commentaries from 7 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1Then Jesus looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury,

2and He saw a poor widow put in two small copper coins.

3“Truly I tell you,” He said, “this poor widow has put in more than all the others.

4For they all contributed out of their surplus, but she out of her poverty has put in all she had to live on.”

5As some of the disciples were remarking how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and consecrated gifts, Jesus said,

6“As for what you see here, the time will come when not one stone will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”

7“Teacher,” they asked, “when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they are about to take place?”

8Jesus answered, “See to it that you are not deceived. For many will come in My name, claiming, ‘I am He,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them.

9When you hear of wars and rebellions, do not be alarmed. These things must happen first, but the end is not imminent.”

10Then He told them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.

11There will be great earthquakes, famines, and pestilences in various places, along with fearful sights and great signs from heaven.

12But before all this, they will seize you and persecute you. On account of My name they will deliver you to the synagogues and prisons, and they will bring you before kings and governors.

13This will be your opportunity to serve as witnesses.

14So make up your mind not to worry beforehand how to defend yourselves.

15For I will give you speech and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict.

16You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you will be put to death.

17And you will be hated by everyone because of My name.

18Yet not even a hair of your head will perish.

19By your patient endurance you will gain your souls.

20But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near.

21Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city.

22For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.

23How miserable those days will be for pregnant and nursing mothers! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people.

24They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations. And Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.

25There will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth dismay among the nations, bewildered by the roaring of the sea and the surging of the waves.

26Men will faint from fear and anxiety over what is coming upon the earth, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.

27At that time they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.

28When these things begin to happen, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”

29Then Jesus told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees.

30When they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near.

31So also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near.

32Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have happened.

33Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will never pass away.

34But watch yourselves, or your hearts will be weighed down by dissipation, drunkenness, and the worries of life—and that day will spring upon you suddenly like a snare.

35For it will come upon all who dwell on the face of all the earth.

36So keep watch at all times, and pray that you may have the strength to escape all that is about to happen and to stand before the Son of Man.”

37Every day Jesus taught at the temple, but every evening He went out to spend the night on the Mount of Olives.

38And early in the morning all the people would come to hear Him at the temple.

Luke 21 Section and Chapter Commentary

Luke 21:20-24

God's Rejection of the Temple and Exile

Justin Martyr asserted that God, impatient with the Jews' 'deafness' and rejection of Christianity, destroyed their Temple to prevent further sacrifices and drove them into perpetual exile from Jerusalem. This was presented as divine punishment for their actions, including the rejection and murder of Christ.

Summarized by AI · Against the Jews: How Christianity Became Anti-Jewish · Against the Jews: How Christianity Became Anti-Jewish · watch the clip

Luke's Precise Prediction of Jerusalem's Desolation

Luke 21:20-24 offers a precise prediction of Jerusalem's desolation, stating, "When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near... Jerusalem will be trampled on by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled." This detailed description aligns closely with the events of 70 CE and the subsequent Roman occupation, indicating that Luke was likely written after this historical fulfillment.

Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 12: When Were the Synoptic Gospels Written? · watch the clip

Luke 21 Verse Notes

Luke 21:1-4

Widows in Luke-Acts: Objects of Pity

The Gospel of Luke and Acts generally present widows as poor, dependent, and passive figures who are objects of pity and need care, with exceptions primarily in the opening chapters of Luke. This contrasts with the more active and self-reliant portrayals of widows found in other biblical texts.

Summarized by AI · The Parables of Jesus: Jewish Insights into Gospel Ethics, Humor, and Provocation · Lecture 4: Persevering Widow and Unjust Judge | How Parables Promote and Demote Women · watch the clip

Luke 21:5-6

Temple Destruction as Divine Rejection of Priests

The Gospels, written after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, explain this traumatic event by asserting that God allowed it because the Jewish priests, closely associated with the Temple, had rejected Jesus. This indictment expanded to include the entire population of Jerusalem and eventually all Jews who did not affiliate with Christ.

Summarized by AI · Against the Jews: How Christianity Became Anti-Jewish · Against the Jews: How Christianity Became Anti-Jewish · watch the clip

Jesus's Prediction of the Temple's Fall

Jesus prophesied the destruction of the Jewish Temple, an event that occurred in 70 CE during the Jewish War. This prophecy is a significant element within the Gospels and the early Christian tradition, marking a pivotal moment for the nascent Christian movement.

Summarized by AI · Roman Catacombs and Early Christian Art · Roman Catacombs and Early Christian Art · watch the clip

Jesus' Prediction of Temple Destruction

Jesus is attested to have predicted the destruction of the Jerusalem temple, a prediction also made by other Jews of his era, including the Essenes. While Jesus likely made such a prophecy, the detailed account in the Gospel of Luke suggests the author knew what actually transpired during the temple's destruction, implying it was written after the event.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Do the Dead Sea Scrolls Actually Prove the Bible Never Changed? · watch the clip

Luke 21:5

Gospel References to Temple Destruction

Most scholars believe that Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John refer to the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 CE as an event that has already occurred, rather than a mere prediction. The specific details and emphasis on this event suggest the authors wrote with hindsight, knowing the prophecy had come true.

Summarized by AI · The Unknown Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John · Lecture 1: A Bird's Eye View · watch the clip

Luke 21:6

Julian's attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple

Julian, aware of the New Testament's prophecy regarding the Temple's permanent destruction and the Adversus Iudaeos tradition that interpreted the 70 CE destruction as God's repudiation of Jews and blood sacrifices, resolved to rebuild the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. This was part of his broader effort to restore traditional cults, including those of the Jews, whom he saw as sharing common ground with pagans in their ritual practices, despite their monotheism.

Summarized by AI · Ancient Christianities: The First Five Hundred Years · Lecture 14: Christ and Empire | Christ, Crisis, Conflict, Creeds · watch the clip

Luke 21:24

Matthew and Luke's specific allusions to the Fall of Jerusalem

Matthew and Luke include more specific allusions to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE than Mark. For instance, Matthew 22:7 describes the king destroying murderers and burning their city, echoing Josephus's account of Jerusalem's fall. Luke 21:24 explicitly states, 'Jerusalem will be trodden down by Gentiles.' While Mark also discusses the temple, Matthew and Luke's greater precision suggests they were written after Mark, clarifying Mark's vaguer prophecies in light of the actual event.

Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 5: Was Mark the First Gospel? · watch the clip

Luke 21:27

Jesus' Influence by Daniel's Son of Man

Jesus appears to have been influenced by the book of Daniel, particularly the figure of 'one like a son of man' from Daniel 7. Jesus frequently refers to the 'Son of Man' coming in judgment, which aligns with Daniel's portrayal of a divine figure who intervenes and brings judgment. This suggests Daniel's apocalyptic vision was significant to Jesus and other apocalyptic Jews of his time.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · How Did Prophets Predict the Future? Daniel Gives It Away. · watch the clip

Jesus' Eschatological Expectation

Jesus likely expected the end of the world to occur during his lifetime, with the Son of Man coming on the clouds, a final judgment, and a general resurrection ushering in a Messianic age of peace. This eschatological perspective influenced his teachings and understanding of the world.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Is Jesus For Non-Christians, Too? · watch the clip

Luke 21:32

Jesus' Prediction of the End Times

Jesus likely predicted that the end of the age would occur within his own generation, as evidenced by passages like Mark 13:30. This apocalyptic expectation aligns with the preaching of John the Baptist and the Apostle Paul, suggesting it was a consistent theme in the circles Jesus moved within and among his early followers.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Did Jesus Even Exist? · watch the clip

Jesus' Apocalyptic Beliefs

The historical Jesus, like other apocalyptic preachers of his era such as John the Baptist and the Essenes, believed that the end of the world was imminent and would occur within his generation, with some of his disciples still alive. However, Jesus did not believe he would be the one to bring about the end or act as the judge. Instead, he expected a separate heavenly figure to destroy evil forces and establish God's kingdom, appointing Jesus as its king and Messiah.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · The Book of Revelation and the End of the World: Are the Signs Now Being Fulfilled? · watch the clip

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