Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Matthew · Chapter 18 of 28

Matthew 18: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

34 verses · 8 video commentaries from 6 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who then is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?”

2Jesus invited a little child to stand among them.

3“Truly I tell you,” He said, “unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

4Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

5And whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me.

6But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.

7Woe to the world for the causes of sin. These stumbling blocks must come, but woe to the man through whom they come!

8If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands and two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire.

9And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.

10See that you do not look down on any of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of My Father in heaven.

11(This translation does not include this verse.)

12What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost?

13And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he rejoices more over that one sheep than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray.

14In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish.

15If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over.

16But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’

17If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

18Truly I tell you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.

19Again, I tell you truly that if two of you on the earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by My Father in heaven.

20For where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them.”

21Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? Up to seven times?”

22Jesus answered, “I tell you, not just seven times, but seventy-seven times!

23Because of this, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants.

24As he began the settlements, a debtor owing ten thousand talents was brought to him.

25Since the man was unable to pay, the master ordered that he be sold to pay his debt, along with his wife and children and everything he owned.

26Then the servant fell on his knees before him. ‘Have patience with me,’ he begged, ‘and I will pay back everything.’

27His master had compassion on him, forgave his debt, and released him.

28But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’

29So his fellow servant fell down and begged him, ‘Have patience with me, and I will pay you back.’

30But he refused. Instead, he went and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay his debt.

31When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master.

32Then the master summoned him and said, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave all your debt because you begged me.

33Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had on you?’

34In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed.

35That is how My heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother from your heart.”

Matthew 18 Section and Chapter Commentary

Matt 18:21-35

The parable of the unforgiving servant illustrates forgiveness

Jesus' parable of the unforgiving servant highlights the importance of boundless forgiveness. A servant, forgiven an enormous debt by his master, refuses to forgive a much smaller debt owed to him by a fellow servant. The parable concludes with the master revoking his forgiveness, emphasizing that God's forgiveness is contingent on our willingness to forgive others without demanding payment.

Summarized by AI · Luke's Maverick Gospel · Lecture 7: Did Jesus Die for Your Sins? · watch the clip

Matt 18:23-35

Special Matthew Material: Parables and Unique Narratives

Matthew's gospel contains over 200 unique verses, often referred to as 'M material,' which includes parables like the unforgiving servant, laborers in the vineyard, ten virgins, and the sheep and goats. It also features distinctive narratives such as the coin in the fish's mouth, Judas's death by suicide, Pilate's wife's warning, and the 'zombie pericope' at Jesus' crucifixion.

Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 4: Why Are the Synoptic Gospels So Different? · watch the clip

Parable of the unforgiving slave

The parable of the unforgiving slave highlights the importance of forgiveness. A king forgives a slave an enormous debt (10,000 talents, an astronomical sum), but that same slave refuses to forgive a much smaller debt owed to him by a fellow slave. This hyperbole illustrates that God's forgiveness of our immense spiritual debt should compel us to forgive others their debts, whether financial or otherwise, to enter the Kingdom of Heaven.

Summarized by AI · Through the Eye of a Needle: Jesus's Teachings on Wealth and Their Modern Relevance · Lecture 5: Jesus' Life, Wealth, and Priorities · watch the clip

Matthew 18 Verse Notes

Matt 18:1-4

Jesus' Paradigm Shift from Domination to Service

While some New Testament texts, like Revelation, still reflect a theology of dominance, Jesus' teachings advocate for a radical shift away from domination towards service. He emphasized that his followers should not seek to dominate others, as Gentiles do, but rather to serve one another and embody the humility of a child. This ideological shift from power and control to service and self-sacrifice is a core aspect of Jesus' ethical message.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · Paul Said WHAT About Women? Debunking Misused Bible Verses · watch the clip

Matt 18:12

Luke's Thematic Arrangement of Parables

Luke's placement of the parable of the lost sheep in Luke 15, immediately followed by the lost coin and the prodigal son, demonstrates his skill in thematic arrangement. This contrasts with Matthew 18, where the lost sheep parable appears in a different context, suggesting Luke's creative narrative construction rather than strict adherence to Matthew's order.

Summarized by AI · Did Q Exist? · Moderated Discussion · watch the clip

Matt 18:17

Negative Statements About Gentiles in Matthew

Matthew's Gospel contains several negative statements about Gentiles, such as Jesus instructing disciples not to go 'among the Gentiles' (Matthew 10:5) and referring to Gentiles as those who 'heap up empty phrases' in prayer (Matthew 6:7). This suggests a Jewish perspective within the Gospel, where Gentiles are presented as 'others' or even as a negative example, despite the Great Commission at the end.

Summarized by AI · The Mysteries of the Synoptic Gospels: Discovering Matthew, Mark, and Luke · Lecture 14: Did Matthew Try to "Re-Judaize" Jesus? · watch the clip

Jesus' Intentions for Judaism

Historically, Jesus did not intend to create a new religion but rather sought to reform Judaism. He believed he had the correct understanding of the Torah and God's teachings, aiming to show what Judaism was meant to be. His disciples, however, after his death and perceived resurrection, came to believe he was the path to salvation, which ultimately led to the formation of Christianity.

Summarized by AI · Bart D. Ehrman · YouTube · One God Among Many: Rethinking the God of the Bible · watch the clip

Matt 18:19

The term 'symphonia' implies agreement and partnership

The Greek term 'symphonia,' used to describe the agreement between the landowner and the first-hired laborers, suggests a mutual accord or partnership. Matthew also uses this term in a broader sense to describe agreement among believers, implying that the kingdom of heaven involves harmonious collaboration.

Summarized by AI · The Parables of Jesus: Jewish Insights into Gospel Ethics, Humor, and Provocation · Lecture 3: Laborers and Management in the Vineyard | How to Assess Kingdom Economics · watch the clip

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