1Then Miriam and Aaron criticized Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married, for he had taken a Cushite wife.
2“Does the LORD speak only through Moses?” they said. “Does He not also speak through us?” And the LORD heard this.
3Now Moses was a very humble man, more so than any man on the face of the earth.
4And suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “You three, come out to the Tent of Meeting.” So the three went out,
5and the LORD came down in a pillar of cloud, stood at the entrance to the Tent, and summoned Aaron and Miriam. When both of them had stepped forward,
6He said, “Hear now My words: If there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, will reveal Myself to him in a vision; I will speak to him in a dream.
7But this is not so with My servant Moses; he is faithful in all My house.
8I speak with him face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you unafraid to speak against My servant Moses?”
9So the anger of the LORD burned against them, and He departed.
10As the cloud lifted from above the Tent, suddenly Miriam became leprous, white as snow. Aaron turned toward her, saw that she was leprous,
11and said to Moses, “My lord, please do not hold against us this sin we have so foolishly committed.
12Please do not let her be like a stillborn infant whose flesh is half consumed when he comes out of his mother’s womb.”
13So Moses cried out to the LORD, “O God, please heal her!”
14But the LORD answered Moses, “If her father had but spit in her face, would she not have been in disgrace for seven days? Let her be confined outside the camp for seven days; after that she may be brought back in.”
15So Miriam was confined outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not move on until she was brought in again.
16After that, the people set out from Hazeroth and camped in the Wilderness of Paran.
Numbers 12 Verse Notes
Num 12:1
Miriam and Aaron challenge Moses' authority and Miriam is afflicted with leprosy
Miriam and Aaron questioned Moses' unique authority and his marriage to a Cushite woman. God, displeased with their challenge, afflicted Miriam with leprosy. Moses interceded for her, and she was cleansed after seven days.
Summarized by AI · Finding Moses: What Scholars Know About the Exodus and the Jewish Law · Lecture 7: Wandering in the Wilderness · watch the clip
Num 12:3
Numbers 12:3 contradicts Moses's humility if he were the author
The statement in Numbers 12:3, 'Moses was the most humble person on the face of the earth,' poses a problem for Mosaic authorship. If Moses himself wrote this, it would contradict the very humility attributed to him, suggesting another author made this observation.
Summarized by AI · In the Beginning: History, Legend, and Myth in Genesis · Lecture 6: Who Wrote the Pentateuch? · watch the clip
Moses' Authorship of the Pentateuch is Questionable
Traditional Christian and Jewish belief attributes the first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) to Moses. However, internal evidence within these texts challenges this tradition. For instance, Numbers 12:3 describes Moses as the most humble man on Earth, a claim unlikely to be made by Moses himself if he were truly humble. Furthermore, Deuteronomy 34:5 explicitly narrates Moses' death, which he could not have written while alive, suggesting a different author for at least parts of these books.
Summarized by AI · The New Testament: Exploring the Christian Bible · Lecture 1: The New Testament | History and Faith · watch the clip
Moses' Humility in Numbers
Later scholars, following Ibn Ezra's line of reasoning, found it unlikely that Moses himself would have written the statement in Numbers 12:3, 'Now Moses was the most humble man on earth.' This is considered an example of a statement Moses would not have authored about himself.
Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 5: The Composition of the Pentateuch · watch the clip
Num 12:8
Moses' Unique Face-to-Face Encounter with God
The Bible generally states that humans cannot see God and live, making Moses' direct communication with God in Numbers 12:8 an exceptional event. This background explains Isaiah's apprehension when he finds himself face-to-face with the deity, highlighting the rarity and significance of such encounters.
Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 17: Isaiah | In Three Acts · watch the clip