Paths in Biblical Studies

Book of Ruth · Chapter 1 of 4

Ruth 1: Verse-by-Verse Commentary (with Videos)

22 verses · 3 video commentaries from 3 courses · Berean Standard Bible

1In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land. And a certain man from Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the land of Moab.

2The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion. They were Ephrathites from Bethlehem in Judah, and they entered the land of Moab and settled there.

3Then Naomi’s husband Elimelech died, and she was left with her two sons,

4who took Moabite women as their wives, one named Orpah and the other named Ruth. And after they had lived in Moab about ten years,

5both Mahlon and Chilion also died, and Naomi was left without her two sons and without her husband.

6When Naomi heard in Moab that the LORD had attended to His people by providing them with food, she and her daughters-in-law prepared to leave the land of Moab.

7Accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road leading back to the land of Judah.

8Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go back, each of you to your mother’s home. May the LORD show you loving devotion, as you have shown to your dead and to me.

9May the LORD enable each of you to find rest in the home of your new husband.” And she kissed them as they wept aloud

10and said, “Surely we will return with you to your people.”

11But Naomi replied, “Return home, my daughters. Why would you go with me? Are there still sons in my womb to become your husbands?

12Return home, my daughters. Go on, for I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was hope for me to have a husband tonight and to bear sons,

13would you wait for them to grow up? Would you refrain from having husbands? No, my daughters, it is much more bitter for me than for you, because the hand of the LORD has gone out against me.”

14Again they wept aloud, and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye, but Ruth clung to her.

15“Look,” said Naomi, “your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and her gods; follow her back home.”

16But Ruth replied: “Do not urge me to leave you or to turn from following you. For wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you live, I will live; your people will be my people, and your God will be my God.

17Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.”

18When Naomi saw that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped trying to persuade her.

19So Naomi and Ruth traveled until they came to Bethlehem. When they entered Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred because of them, and the women of the town exclaimed, “Can this be Naomi?”

20“Do not call me Naomi,” she replied. “Call me Mara, because the Almighty has dealt quite bitterly with me.

21I went away full, but the LORD has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi? After all, the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me.”

22So Naomi returned from the land of Moab with her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess. And they arrived in Bethlehem at the beginning of the barley harvest.

Ruth 1 Section and Chapter Commentary

Ruth 1:1-22

Bethlehem as David's Hometown

Bethlehem holds significance as the ancestral home of King David's family, a tradition rooted in the book of Ruth. The narrative begins with a famine in Bethlehem, the 'House of Bread,' highlighting an irony. Ruth's story culminates in her redemption by Boaz, leading to the birth of Obed, Jesse, and ultimately David, establishing Bethlehem as the original hometown of David's lineage.

Summarized by AI · Cities of the Bible · Lecture 8: Nazareth, Bethlehem, and Rome · watch the clip

Ruth 1 Verse Notes

Ruth 1:1-4

Biblical Stereotypes vs. Individual Portrayals of Widows

While biblical laws in Exodus 22, Deuteronomy 24, and Isaiah 1 generally portray widows as vulnerable, needy, and requiring protection and advocacy, individual stories like Tamar (Genesis 38), Ruth, Abigail (1 Samuel), and the widow of Zarephath (1 Kings 17) depict them as strong, self-determined, and capable of taking bold, sometimes morally ambiguous, actions to achieve their goals.

Summarized by AI · The Parables of Jesus: Jewish Insights into Gospel Ethics, Humor, and Provocation · Lecture 4: Persevering Widow and Unjust Judge | How Parables Promote and Demote Women · watch the clip

Ruth 1:16-17

Ruth's declaration reflects a change of allegiance

Ruth's famous declaration to Naomi in Ruth 1:16-17, 'Wherever you go, I will go... your God, my God,' signifies a change in national and religious allegiance. In ancient Israel, changing gods was akin to changing citizenship, as deities were often associated with specific nations or territories. This reflects a henotheistic worldview, where multiple gods are acknowledged, but loyalty is given to one.

Summarized by AI · The Hebrew Bible: Exploring the Literature of Ancient Israel · Lecture 24: Ruth and Lamentations | Ladies' Night · watch the clip

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