Image Credits

Must Women Keep Silent?

Every image on the course page, with its source, license, and the reason it was chosen. The artwork is public-domain early-Christian and Greco-Roman art sourced from Wikimedia Commons; a few photographs carry Creative Commons licenses, noted below.

Image Work & Attribution License Where it appears Why it’s included
Saint Paul paul-apostle.jpg Saint Paul Rembrandt van Rijn (and workshop) c. 1657 Source ↗ Public domain Hero ornament Rembrandt’s brooding portrait of the apostle with pen and book: the letter-writer at the center of the whole course.
Icon of the Apostles Andronicus and Junia junia.jpg Icon of the Apostles Andronicus and Junia Unknown (Eastern Orthodox icon) Byzantine tradition Source ↗ Public domain Hero ornament · Lecture II medallion (“Neither Male nor Female”) Junia, whom Paul calls “foremost among the apostles” (Romans 16:7), venerated here as an apostle in her own right. The face of the lecture on the women who led.
Paul and Thecla (cave painting, Grotto of St Paul, Ephesus) paul-thecla.jpg Paul and Thecla (cave painting, Grotto of St Paul, Ephesus) Unknown 6th century Source ↗ Public domain Hero background · Lecture IV medallion (“In Thecla’s Wake”) The earliest known image pairing Paul with Thecla, the preaching, self-baptizing heroine of the Acts of Paul and Thecla that closes the course.
Fresco of a woman with stylus and tablet (the “Sappho” of Pompeii) pompeii-sappho.jpg Fresco of a woman with stylus and tablet (the “Sappho” of Pompeii) Photo: Yair Haklai Fresco 1st century AD (photographed 2023) Source ↗ CC BY-SA 4.0 Hero ornament A literate Roman woman holding a stylus to her lips: the world of female learning, dress, and desire that Paul’s letters speak into.
The Conversion on the Way to Damascus conversion-of-paul.jpg The Conversion on the Way to Damascus Caravaggio c. 1600–1601 Source ↗ Public domain Origin section figure · Lecture I medallion Caravaggio’s Paul struck to the ground on the Damascus road: the conversion that turned a persecutor into the apostle whose letters the course unpacks.
Papyrus 46 (𝔓46), a leaf of the Pauline epistles p46.jpg Papyrus 46 (𝔓46), a leaf of the Pauline epistles Unknown scribe c. 200 AD Source ↗ Public domain At-a-Glance backdrop The oldest substantial manuscript of Paul’s letters: the physical text behind every debate over what Paul actually wrote.
Marble statue of a veiled woman (Large Herculaneum Woman type) veiled-woman.jpg Marble statue of a veiled woman (Large Herculaneum Woman type) Photo: Gary Todd Roman copy of a c. 320 BC Greek original (photographed 2016) Source ↗ CC0 Lecture III medallion (“Better to Marry Than to Burn”) A respectable matron with her mantle drawn up over her head as a veil: the dress norm behind Paul’s instructions on veiling in 1 Corinthians.
Ancient Temple at Corinth (engraving after H. W. Williams) corinth.jpg Ancient Temple at Corinth (engraving after H. W. Williams) William Miller 1829 Source ↗ Public domain Stats backdrop · Schedule backdrop The columns of the Temple of Apollo at Corinth, the contentious city whose letter (1 Corinthians) drives the course’s central lecture.
The Wise and Foolish Virgins last-judgment-women.jpg The Wise and Foolish Virgins Giulio Aristide Sartorio 1890–1891 Source ↗ Public domain “Prepare to Rethink” backdrop A procession of women from the parable of the virgins: the gendered assumptions about women in the tradition that the course sets out to complicate.
The Aldobrandini Wedding (Roman fresco) aldobrandini-wedding.jpg The Aldobrandini Wedding (Roman fresco) Unknown 1st century BC Source ↗ Public domain Bonuses backdrop An ancient Roman wedding scene: marriage, the relationship Paul weighs against celibacy across his letters.
Façade of the Library of Celsus, Ephesus ruins.jpg Façade of the Library of Celsus, Ephesus Photo: Benh Lieu Song Building c. 117 AD (photographed 2010) Source ↗ CC BY-SA 3.0 Instructor backdrop · FAQ backdrop Ephesus, a hub of Paul’s mission and the traditional home of Thecla’s story: the Greco-Roman cityscape standing behind the whole tradition.

Public-domain works are reproduced freely. CC BY / CC BY-SA images are credited to their photographers as required; follow each Source link for the full license text.